Conditions

Alternative Names

Genital Warts is the common name given to the flat, raised or cauliflower shaped growths found in genital areas on a body and transmitted through skin-to-skin or sexual contact. They can be flesh colored, white or gray and can be raised or flat. Genital Warts arises from a sexually transmitted virus known as the human papilloma virus or HPV, of which there are more than 100 known types.

HPV is not curable and most carriers do not know they have the disease because they never exhibit symptoms. Genital Warts and HPV are the most common type of sexually transmitted disease with an estimated 80% of the adult population having contracted or carrying the disease at any given time. Infection rates for genital warts are very high and over half the people who come into contact with genital warts the first time will acquire it.

Basic Information

It has been discovered that almost 75% to 85% of sexually active adults will have contracted some form of HPV in their lifetime, regardless of whether or not they exhibit any symptoms. Genital warts are a symptom of an HPV infection. It is estimated that around 30 to 40 of the 100 known types of HPV are sexually transmitted but not all of these can lead to genital warts. The types that lead to genital warts are typically labeled as the low risk virus. That is, they do not cause abnormal cell changes that can develop into cancer.

The warts are not painful and can appear on the genital areas as well as the anus and thighs. Treatment can be done by freezing, laser treatment, electrical treatment, surgery and topical treatments; however treatment does not ensure that the warts will not return. Genital warts are not a life threatening condition, but can give rise to certain types of cancer if they are accompanied by another infection of high risk HPV.

The potential to give rise to cancer is the major area of concern when contracting HPV. The types of cancer known to be caused in part by HPV include cervical, penile and anal cancer. It is the high risk strains of the HPV virus that can cause cancer, while the low risk strains primarily cause genital warts. Thus, genital warts are not often a sign nor are they a symptom of something more serious.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a genital warts viral infection include the skin surface symptoms of flat, raised or cauliflower shaped bumps on the skin. The bumps can be white, gray or flesh colored and are not often associated with pain. Genital warts can cause discomfort during sex as they can be rubbed, pulled or stretched causing pain or bleeding. If this is occurring, seek treatment to help alleviate these symptoms and wait until treatment is complete before engaging in sexual activity.

Because of the many types of HPV, genital warts are not always visible and are often known to go away on their own. The body’s natural defenses can rid itself of a number of the types of HPV, though it is known that the person is still a carrier of the virus. Unless the person is tested further, through blood tests, once the symptom of genital warts disappears, the person may feel they are cured.

Viruses are not curable and a carrier will usually transmit that virus to other sexual partners. Tests have not been developed to detect HPV in men and the only test for women is designed to screen for high risk types of HPV that cause cervical cancer.

It may take weeks and even months after infection before any symptoms of genital warts appear because the virus can lie undetected in the body for a very long time. The warts may appear as a single wart or multiple warts and can be small or large in circumference. They can also be located in a central region or located in various locations in the genital area including the anus and thighs. One complication of genital warts could be an extensive outbreak which has been known, in rare cases, to obstruct the urethra, vagina or anus. In these types of cases, surgery is often necessary, but again, these cases are rare.

Causes

The cause of genital warts is from the human papillomavirus that lives on the skin of every person. Certain types of this virus cause genital warts why other types are also known to be the cause of common warts on the body, and though of a different type, they can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact.

The human papillomavirus lives in and on the body undetected and most carriers are not aware that they have the virus that is spread sexually. Of the 100 know types of the virus, only a small portion cause complications. These are the high risk and low risk types of the virus. 90% of genital warts are caused by the two low risk types of HPV, type -6 and -11. The high risk types are HPV -16, -18, -31 and -45 which are known to give rise to cancer.

Risk Factors

Genital Warts are highly contagious and can be transmitted through first time intimate encounters or sexual contact. Not having sex is the only way to reduce the potential for infection of the type of HPV that cause genital warts. Because the disease is primarily transmitted through skin to skin contact, wearing a condom will not always prevent transmission.

A person may not know they are carrying the disease because they are not exhibiting any of the symptoms of an infection, and regardless of protection it is an almost certainty that they will spread the virus. Both women and men generally do not exhibit symptoms of HPV unless they have the visible genital warts and sometimes, the warts are not visible.

Someone can still be a carrier of the disease and they can readily transmit it to their partners unknowingly. HPV and genital warts is often known as a silent virus as well as a silent sexually transmitted disease because of the potential to never exhibit symptoms.

Prevention Tips

The only sure prevention against contracting genital warts and HPV is by not having sex. Because the virus lives on the skin, anytime uninfected skin comes into contact with an infected person, the risk of contracting genital warts and HPV is real. Therefore, wearing condoms cannot prevent the spread of genital warts or HPV unless the warts are completely covered. Because genital warts are highly contagious, just touching genital areas can also spread the disease if a person does not wash afterward.

Having multiple sex partners can also increase your risk of contracting genital warts and HPV. Another risk increase is having a partner who has previously had multiple partners. It is best to understand your partner’s history before engaging in sex, though this is no indication that they do not already carry the virus, and use of protection could potentially lower your risk but is not a guarantee with genital warts and HPV.

Touching the warts and then touching healthy skin can result in an infection over half of the time. If you think you may have genital warts, seek the advice of your doctor and maintain clean hygiene practices to prevent the spread of the warts on your body.

Once contracted, the spread of genital warts is not preventable unless the carrier stops having sex altogether. Condom use can lower the risk, but not completely eliminate it. However, the drug Gardasil was approved in 2006 for the prevention certain HPV types including those that cause genital warts. The drug has not been tested for its effectiveness in curing genital warts, but is effective in prevention. It has been approved for girls and women aged 9 to 26. It is being tested for effectiveness in older women and in men.

Tests and Diagnosis Considerations

Genital wart tests and exams are primarily visual exams given by a health care professional. To verify if the symptoms are indeed caused by genital warts, a doctor may use a 5% acetic acid to turn the potential infected area white. However, the acid may also turn healthy skin white, thus it is difficult to determine from the acetic acid alone.

Because there are no tests specifically designed to test men to determine if they have HPV, unless they exhibit symptoms of genital warts, they will not know they carry the disease. The only test for HPV is for women who have been requested to do a follow up procedure for a pap smear with abnormal results. This test will determine what type of HPV the woman has and whether or not she has the high risk HPV, forms associated with cervical cancer. In addition, the woman can exhibit the symptoms but carry a low risk HPV that will not threaten her cervical safety.

Often times, receiving an abnormal Pap smear result is how a couple will discover that one of the partners has HPV. If the woman has HPV, it can safely be assumed the man will have HPV whether or not he exhibits the symptom of genital warts. Because HPV can live in the body for years without detection, the sudden rise of genital warts does not necessarily mean that a partner has been unfaithful. It may have just taken a while for the virus to show up on the outside of the genital region or internally through an abnormal pap smear. Again, the genital warts may not actually be visible and can be present for years without the person’s knowledge.

Treatment Options

Genital warts can be treated in a variety of ways which may or may not be successful. The virus still has the potential to come out as genital warts years, months and even weeks after treatment. There are many treatment options should one or the other not work.

Topical Treatments

Topical treatments include many options including treatments applied by a health care professional or applied at home by the infected person. These topical treatments can have good success as long as the treatment is applied as directed and for the length of time specified. Other treatments include medical procedures that need to be administered by a health care professional. These treatments include:

Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy is the freezing of the genital warts by a health care professional. This treatment can be painful but has no other side effects usually and is lower in cost than the other options such as laser and electrodessication.

Laser Treatment

Laser Treatment is the next level of treatment that can be used by a healthcare professional to burn, or cut, the warts off of the infected area. This is a more expensive option and can have detrimental side effects including scarring of the infected areas.

Electrodessication

Electrodessication utilizes an electrical current to destroy the warts and can be painful as well as ineffective in completely removing them all. Electrodessication is expensive and is not commonly suggested as a treatment option. When visiting your health care provider for genital warts, be sure to discuss all your options if the initial treatment does not work.

Surgeries

Surgery is sometimes used when there has been no response to any of the previously mentioned treatments or when the warts are small in size and in number. It may also be necessary if the warts are blocking the urethra, vagina or anus.

Home Remedies

There are no known home remedies or herbal treatments that are effective at treating genital warts. While medical treatment can be effective in reducing the symptoms of the low risk HPV infection known as genital warts, treatment does not mean the carrier is cured. They will carry virus the rest of their lives, whether or not the virus is dormant will not be known and possible infection to another sexual partner is always a possibility.

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is an illness that first manifests its symptoms as a minor pain in the wrist and eventually works its way up to the hands. With the use of computers and typing skills becoming more routine in everyday events, the risk for CTS is much higher than it was ten years ago. According to many studies, women are more susceptible to Carpel Tunnel Syndrome than men. CTS is known by many other names such as Occupational Neuritis, Writer’s Cramp, Median Neuritis and Partial Thenar Atrophy.

Causes of CTS

There are several different causes of this annoying condition. Knowing the causes will help in the prevention of CTS. First of all, it’s important to know the definitions of the words Carpel Tunnel and Median Nerve.

Carpel Tunnel: A tunnel in the wrist that is formed by bones and tissues. The Carpel Tunnel protects the Median Nerve.

Median Nerve: This is the nerve that connects the thumb and the first three fingers on the hand. It helps with movement and feeling on those fingers.

A combination of conditions give birth to CTS because they put pressure on the Median Nerve as it passes through the Carpel Tunnel of the wrist: hence the name Carpel Tunnel Syndrome. The constant pressure causes parts of the hand to go numb, and as a result, the hand gets weak and sometimes hurts. Basically, any activities that decrease the space in the Carpel Tunnel, or increases the use of the Median Nerve will eventually lead to CTS.

Here is a list of different factors that can cause Carpel Tunnel Syndrome.

• Conditions such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gout, Diabetes, and Obesity can cause CTS because of the swelling in the joints and reduced blood flow that are brought on by these diseases.
• Continuous movements of the hand and wrist are another cause of CTS as they cause surrounding tendons to swell.
• Any previous broken bones can leave spurs that make their home in the Carpel Tunnel and will eventually put pressure on the Median Nerve.
• Any fluid build-up can cause pressure to be put on the Median Nerve will lead to CTS. This can occur from pregnancy, or as mentioned above, diabetes and arthritis
• Any work that involves forced and repeated hand movements, vibrations in the arm, or long periods of work in an awkward position can lead to CTS..
• Smoking can reduce the blood flow to the Median Nerve and contribute to CTS.

Symptoms

These are several early warning signs fo Carpel Tunnel Syndrome. These early signs will quickly become worse if they are not treated in a timely manner. The symptoms include:

• Tingling and numbness in the hands; in every finger except the little one. This often occurs while holding a phone, gripping a steering wheel, or after sleeping. During the early stages these symptoms will not last more than a few minutes at a time, but the condition will grow with time.
• Intense pain that radiates from the wrist and all the way up and down the arm, especially after long use. This normally occurs on the palm side of the forearm.
• Spasms when the hand goes weak and causes a person to randomly drop items.

Keep in mind that not all pains and/or numbness in the forearms and wrist are due to CTS. It is advised to seek the expertise of a physician if there is a problem as CTS can cause nerve damage if it’s not treated in a timely manner.

Risk Factors

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome comes from the overuse and strain due to certain jobs that require awkward and repetitive use of the hands. Below are several types of risk factors for CTS.

• Using power tools such as grinders, chain saws, or jackhammers can lead to CTS symptoms.
• Working on an assembly line such as a manufacturing plant is another repetative strain on the hands. As a result, it can lead to CTS.
• Smoking, as mentioned above, is a risk factor that can cause CTS to occur.
• Routinely driving long distances because the longevity of gripping the steering wheel.
• Women are three-times more likely to develop CTS than men.

There are many other factors that will put certain people at high risk of CTS. But far too many exist to list every single one; however, the warning signs are numbness in the hands and/or sharp pains through the forearm that shoot all the way to the shoulder.

When to Contact a Doctor

Home remedies can be used to treat mild symptoms of hand and wrist numbness or pain. More on Home Remedies are discussed later. However, if the symptoms are severe then a trip to the doctor is required. Remember that CTS can lead to permanent nerve damage if not treated.

Several early warning signs exist that will require a doctor’s visit. Do not hesitate to call a doctor if symptoms like the ones listed below are displayed.

• If the minor symptoms have not gone away after 2 weeks of treatments.
• Numbness in the fingers that have gradually built up over time.
• Accidentally start dropping things because of spasms in the hand.
• If the pinch between the index finger and thumb is very weak.
• Pain in the fingers and hand gets worse.

Exams

The first thing a doctor will do is review all of the symptoms to try and determine if Carpel Tunnels Syndrome is a factor. One clue is that CTS doesn’t cause anything to happen to the little finger, so if that finger is part of the problem then CTS is not a factor. Timing of the symptoms is another clue. For example, the optimal times that people experience CTS are while they are holding a phone or newspaper; or even while driving down the road gripping the steering wheel.

Once a doctor establishes that CTS is most likely the problem, they will perform the following tests in order to verify it.

• Electromyogram , ; This test measures electrical discharges in muscles and is mainly used to determine if there is any muscle damage.
• Nerve Condition Study , ; An electric signal is sent along the Median Nerve to test whether it slows when it travels through the Carpel Tunnel.
• X-Rays , ; This is to test for previous bone breaks or other factors that can contribute to CTS.
• MRI , ; Used to find swelling in the Median Nerve.
• Blood Tests- These can be used to diagnose other medical conditions that can cause CTS.

Treatments

There are a number of treatments for Carpel Tunnels Syndrome. These can be broke down into three categories: Home Remedies, Non-Surgical, and Surgical. The seriousness of the condition determines which path to follow.

Home Remedies

If the symptoms are in their initial stages and are still mild, home remedies can be used before going to the doctor. However, it’s important to note that if the symptoms get severe or do not go away within two weeks, then it is imperative to contact a trained physician because permanent nerve damage can occur from Carpel Tunnels Syndrome.

Home remedies usually involve over the counter medicines such as aspirin to relieve the symptoms. Also, wearing a wrist splint can help reduce the motion in the wrist and can sometimes allow the Median Nerve to heal by reducing swelling. Here are some other home remedies that can be used.

• Ice the wrist 15 minutes everyday. This can reduce swelling through the Carpel Tunnel.
• Immediately stop any activities that are responsible for the symptoms.

Non-surgical Treatments

If the symptoms are not too severe, the doctor will at first recommend non-surgical treatments to see if the symptoms improve. This may include:

• The doctor will look at the patient’s medical history to see if any other medical conditions are responsible for CTS. If so, then they will change the treatment for those particular conditions to see if that helps relieve the CTS symptoms.
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs may be used to reduce the inflammation of the Carpel Tunnel and the Median Nerve.
• Steroids may be injected into the Carpel Tunnel to reduce inflammation if the previous attempts are not successful.

Surgical Treatments

The majority of individuals with Carpel Tunnel Syndrome are treated without surgery. Only a small minority require surgery to relieve the symptoms. However, surgery will be considered if:

• There is an apparent sign of nerve damage.
• Non-surgical treatments do not work after a year.
• Symptoms become so severe that daily activities cannot be performed.

Surgery is used to release the pressure on the Median Nerve and is done by cutting ligaments that form the top of the tunnel. Any tumors or such that is causing pressure to the Median Nerve will also be removed during surgery.

The two Carpel Tunnel Release Surgeries are Open and Endoscopic.

• Open Carpel Tunnel Release Surgery , ; Requires an incision from the palm of the hand to the wrist. This type of surgery allows the doctor to see more of the inner workings. Since this is a rather sizeable incision, it requires more recovery time.
• Endoscopic Carpel Tunnel Release Surgery , ; This type doesn’t require a large incision, only a the wrist and palm. A camera is used to allow the surgeon to see inside of the Carpel Tunnel and relieve the pressure on the Median Nerve. Since the incision is small, the recovery time is minimal.

Alternative Treatments

Many time-honored treatments exist for a number of conditions and CTS is no different. Some use yoga as a way of relaxing and helping cope with pain that comes from some muscle conditions. Since yoga encourages strength, stretching, and balance, it is a great alternative method for preventing CTS.

Some take daily vitamins to help prevent any abnormal conditions from occurring. B-6 is a great supplement for preventing and even relieving symptoms of CTS.

Tips for preventing carpel tunnel syndrome

The easiest for if treatment for any condition is preventing it in the first place. As with anything else, there are several steps that can be followed that will help prevent Carpel Tunnel Syndrome.

• Relax the hand’s grip on objects. People tend to use way more force than what’s necessary to perform many actions.
• Give the hands and wrist frequent breaks from extended work.
• Practice bending the wrist properly instead of all the way up or down.
• Posture can have a major impact on the nerves in the neck. Practice good posture.
• Hands that are cold are more likely to become stiff and form pain. Keep them warm at all times.
• Lower salt intake as it can cause the body to retain more water; remember that fluids are a cause of CTS.
• Stop smoking.

Freckles are flat, circular tan spots of concentrated melanin often visible on individuals with fair skin. Also known as ephelides, the word freckle comes from the Middle English term freken which descends from the Old Norse term freknur meaning freckled.Those with freckles may have numerous spots on areas such as the cheeks, nose, forehead, chest, shoulders or arms, or may just have a few scattered in various places on the body.

Freckles can be of multiple colors including brown, light brown, reddish or even black. Not everyone is a fan of their freckles and therefore use home remedies, over the counter medications, prescription treatments or even professional chemical peels to reduce their appearance. Learning about effective cures and remedies for freckles can help to increase your skin care knowledge and benefit your skin.

Symptoms

There are two basic types of freckles, ephelides and lentigines. Ephelides are the most common type which results in flat, circular red or brown colored spots that typically occur darker in the summer and lighter in the winter. Lentigines are smaller in size and can appear brown, tan or black. These types of spots are usually darker than ephelides and stay dark through the summer and winter.

Lentigines, often called ˜liver spots are commonly found in older people after years of exposure to the sun. Freckles typically appear in areas that are exposed to sunlight. While most people are able to spot a freckle simply from sight, there are various other symptoms associated with the spots.

Symptoms of Freckles Include:

• Darkening or change of the affected area of the skin
• Freckles caused by sunlight can sometimes be accompanied by diarrhea
• Affected areas of the skin can be transformed into moles
• Abdominal pain that can vary in intensity
• Weight loss can accompany new freckles
• Passing off bloody stools or stools coated with mucus
• New or unusually shaped freckles can be a warning sign of cancer
• Brown, tan or red spots that become darker when exposed to the sun
• Spots that occur after a period of sun exposure
• Red hair and green eyes are most common traits for those with freckles
• The spots can appear as pin-size spots or be larger with smooth or ragged edges

Causes

Exposure to sunlight and genetics are the two leading factors in the creation of freckles. Depending on the type of freckles you have, they may fade or darken depending on the amount and intensity of sunlight on exposed areas of the skin.

Freckles can also be heredity and therefore be passed down by a mother, father, grandparent or other close relative. This is because some individuals carry special cells in the skin that produce excess amounts of melanin. Hormone abnormalities can also be accounted for as an over-stimulation of estrogen in the body can cause the pigment cells to generate excess color when exposed to sunlight.

Causes of freckles include:

• Over-exposure of bare skin to sunlight
• Accumulated melanin build-up in a certain area of the body
• Heredity and genetics can play a role in freckle production
• Hormonal imbalance or excess estrogen in the body
• Fair skinned individuals are most at risk as they absorb more ultraviolet rays
• Those who tan both outside or in a tanning bed can get freckles
• Skin cancer patients can develop freckles in colors such as black, pink or red with irregular shapes
• Caused by the dominant MC1R melanocortin receptor gene

Risk Factors

Many find freckles very attractive, especially when scattered across the cheek. Since freckles, pose no danger to our general health, those with freckles can enjoy their appearance and give a splash of color to their fair skin. The only threat detected by the appearance of freckles is when they mistaken for other skin conditions or diseases. If you have a new or unique freckle or freckles, its best to get them evaluated by a professional dermatologist to rule out potential harmful conditions.

Possible risk factors include:

• Excess exposure to sunlight in bare areas such as face, arms, back and shoulders
• Genetics plays as a factor so individuals with freckled family members or relatives
• Fair skinned individuals are more at risk, especially if they work or spend large amounts of time outdoors
• Those who tan on a regular basis outdoors or at a tanning salon are more at risk

Prevention Tips

When trying to prevent freckles from becoming darker or when trying to reduce the appearance of your freckles, you will need to engage in a few preventative measures.

The main goal is to stay protected while still being able to enjoy time in the sunlight. These preventative measures will also help reduce the risk of skin related conditions and diseases such as skin cancer. The younger you begin preventing the appearance of freckles; the chance of getting them in the future will be greatly reduced. Try the following prevention tips for sun safety and prevention of freckles.

How to prevent freckles:

• Avoid exposure to the sun whenever possible. Sit under a shaded tree or porch while outdoors.
• While outdoors, wear clothing that will help ward off the sunlight such as hats and t-shirts to cover your shoulder and back in warm weather.
• Keep your face and skin safe by wearing a thin layer of SPF make-up, face powder or simply sun screen alone.
• Products such as umbrellas, visors and sun hats can help keep the sun from direct contact with your skin.
• Increase your Vitamin C intake to prevent the occurrence of freckles
• Use a sun screen that blocks both UVB and UVA rays and contain at least one of the following active ingredients: titanium dioxide and zinc oxide
• Reapply sun screen after excess sweating or after swimming
• Avoid peak sun hours, typically between 10 AM and 4 PM when the sun is the highest and most intense
• Avoid using tanning beds as this gives direct UV radiation to the skin

Check any medications you take for skin sensitivity side effects

Test and Diagnosis Considerations

While freckles are not harmless to the individual who possesses them, some may still want a physician advice and proper diagnosis. Freckles can be diagnosed simply through appearance alone. Your dermatologist will know what to look for to distinguish a freckle from any other type of lesion based on the appearance of the skin.

Future testing may be needed if the freckles are abnormal in shape or color or if a separate skin condition or disease is suspected such as melanoma. If your doctors expect skin cancer after analyzing new or unusual freckles, a biopsy (skin sample) may be taken and assessed by a lab to properly diagnose and treat the skin disease. This procedure is typically done in your dermatologists office under local anesthesia.

Treatment Options

Freckles do not have to be removed for medical reasons but many prefer them lightened for cosmetic reasons. There are numerous treatments available for freckles including creams, oils, facial masks, lotions, topical prescriptions, as well as several in-office laser and chemical options. Here you will find various treatment options to fit your needs.

Herbal and Home Cures & Remedies Include

Natural remedies and cures used for freckles are extremely safe and present mild or no side effects in most cases. Irritation of the skin may occur with frequent use. Herbal and home cures may also take longer to see results as they gradually lighten skin over time. Cost of these home remedies are low as they can be found in your own home or purchased from a super market for just a few dollars.

• Apply fresh lemon juice to the freckles twice a day
• Apply sour cream and leave on as a mask, do not rinse
• Use fruit or vegetable masks (includes: strawberries, cucumbers, apricots and red currant)
• Wash your face with sour milk to gently peel off top layers of skin
• Apply microwave heated honey to face and rinse with warm water
• Horseradish vinegar or juice applied to the face can lighten freckles
• Apply castor oil before going to bed
• Use parsley juice mixed with equal amounts of orange, lemon or red currant juice.
• Apply grinned yellow mustard mixed with milk and allow to sit overnight
• Wash your face with buttermilk
• Rub a slice of red onion on the freckles twice a day
• Mix sesame seeds with turmeric seeds, mix with water and apply
• Use grains of the inside of a watermelon to scrub face
• Mix unpasteurized honey with unripe currants and leave on face for half hour before rinsing

Pharmaceutical Cures & Remedies Include:

Pharmaceutical treatment options can vary from over the counter creams to prescription medications advised from your dermatologist. These types of freckle treatment options can present side effects such as reddening of the skin, irritation, headaches, acne, skin discoloration (temporary or permanent), rashes, chemical burns and oily or dry skin. Pharmaceutical methods for freckles do not work for everyone. Costs of these treatment methods can vary and in some cases, health insurance may cover the costs of prescription medications.

Bleaching creams containing kojic acid or high concentrations of hydroquinone. Beware of certain bleaching creams that can permanently discolor or damage skin.

Tretinoin can be used in conjunction with bleaching creams

• Alpha hydroxyl acids used on a regular basis
• Over the counter or prescription medications containing glycolic acid
• Prescription-strength retinoid applied daily over a period of time
• Prescription medications containing tazortene (Tazorac) or adapalene (Differin)
• Larger freckles may react to treatment methods made for the lightening of age spots

Surgery Cures & Remedies Include:

There are several ways to reduce or even hide the appearance of freckles almost instantly through treatments provided by a dermatologist. These options are very effective but may take numerous treatment appointments to fully lighten the freckles. The effectiveness, cost and time it takes to reduce the appearance of the freckles will depend on the type of freckles, how many you have, where on the body they located and how dark they are.

Laser resurfacing removes the top layers of skin with a laser and provides long-lasting results. Typically takes 1 to 2 weeks to complete and costs approximately $2,250.

Chemical peels are also effective in getting rid of freckles by using intense chemicals to peel away layers of skin. Only 1 treatment is usually need and the approximate cost is $800.

Liquid Nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy) treatment is used to the freckle directly by forming a blister that lifts the freckle from the skin. Multiple sessions may be needed for this somewhat painful procedure and the approximate cost is $3,000.

Also known as angel kisses or beauty marks freckles can give a person a unique look. It’s not probable that everyone with freckles are going to like the way they look which is why there are thousands of freckle lightening and removal products on the market.

Many of these freckle treatment methods are permanent so it best to give the idea some thought and consideration before making a definite choice on whether or not you want to be freckle-free. Try wearing make-up to cover up your freckles for a few weeks to see what you look and feel will like without them.

Stick With It

It’s important to stay consistent when using any of the above cures and remedies for freckles as most take time to work. You will usually begin to see a gradual lightening of the freckles after two to three weeks of time. After six months, a visible change in the appearance of the skin should be noticed by yourself and others.

The removal of freckles from the skin can help one self confidence by providing freckle-free, healthy skin. If you interested in finding cures and remedies for freckles, use this guide to aid you in your quest to clear skin.

Alternative names

• Hyperuricemia
• Asymptomatic Gout
• Acute Gout or Gouty Arthritis
• Interval and Intercritical Gout
• Chronic Tophaccous Gout

Symptoms

There are two different types of gout, primary gout and secondary gout. Primary gout is inherited, which consists of the over production of the uric acid in the blood, a decrease of uric acid in the urine, or both.

Secondary gout occurs when the medication causes the increase of uric acid in the blood. Diuretics can cause this. Kidney failure or the increased destruction of cells, such as cancer patients going through chemotherapy, are also attributed to secondary gout.

You will have redness of the joint accompanied by stiffness, inflammation, and extreme pain. Many will suffer from podagra, a condition where gout forms in the big toe, but you can also contract gout in other joints such as ankles, wrist, fingers, or elbows. 75 percent of first attacks start in the big toe.

Any type of pressure on the affected area hurts. Something as light as a bed sheet or your sock can cause extreme pain. Gout attacks can get better within a few days, even without treatment.

Four Stages With Different Symptoms:

• Asymptomatic (without symptoms) Hyperuricemia are elevated levels of uric acid in the blood with no symptoms.
• Acute Gout or Gouty Arthritis is when deposits of uric acid crystals form in the joint spaces. Sudden onsets of pain will follow, along with swelling, heat, and tenderness.
• Interval or Intercritical Gout is the period in between attacks where there are no symptoms.
• Chronic Tophaccous Gout is the most severe and disabling of all stages of gout. It develops over years, causing permanent damage to any of the joints that are affected, and in some cases, the kidneys.

Causes

If there an increased production in uric acid and your kidneys are doing what they need to do to eliminate the acid, it will build up in the blood, a condition called Hyperuricemia. The uric acid forms tiny crystals the size of the point on a needle in the joints or soft tissue. The crystals can also form into kidney stones.

Risk factors

• Genetics makes up about 20% of all people who suffer from gout.
• Gender and Age: Gout is more common in adult men between the ages of 40 and 50, with a peak age of 75,
  are more likely to contract gout than woman, children, and young adults.
• Weight: Being overweight increases the risk contracting gout. The more you weigh, the more frequent the attacks. Having the extra weight makes it harder for the body to do its job. Losing the weight gradually willbe a benefit to those who have high levels of uric acid, even though being on a diet can trigger an attack.
• Alcohol: People that drink too much alcohol can contract gout as well. The more alcohol you drink, the more the blood is not able to remove the uric acid, the rest crystallizes. Gout attacks happen because the major consumption of alcohol impairs the kidney function.
• Lead: Some studies have concluded that there’s a strong connection between gout and lead poisoning.
• Other risk factors that can cause gout are certain foods such as anchovies, asparagus, beef kidneys, dried bean or peas, game meats, gravy, liver. There are so many others, but these are definitely the foods that gout sufferers should watch out for.
• The kidneys that possess an inability to eliminate waste products.
• People that suffer from high blood pressure.
• People who have had organ transplants.
• Hypothyroidism, or under active thyroid.

Prevention tips

• Medications: Non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, help with the pain and inflammation, oral
• Colchicine in small does to prevent future attacks. Zyloprim and Benemid are medications that are used for the treatment of Hyperuricemia.
• Zyloprim can help in the management of uric acid, but it won’t stop an acute attack of gout that is already present. It can, however, reduce your symptoms when taken over the course of several months.
• People that use medication for high blood pressure and high blood triglycerides find that these meds can be used for the treatment of gout. Cozaar, a high blood pressure medication, and Tricor, a triglyceride lowering medication, are the two that have been found to help aid in the treatment of this condition.
• Lifestyle Changes: Controlling your weight keeps the body from having to work harder break down the bodily waste.
• Drinking large amounts of water removes uric acid from the body.
• Avoid diets that have a low-carbohydrate intake. When you’re not taking in a substantial amount of carbohydrates, the body can’t burn fat completely.
• Eating foods that are purine free is key to reducing the frequency of gout attacks. Purine free means that foods that don’t have a nucleus such as an egg. The yolk is the nucleus. They can’t be avoided completely because purines are released when the body recycles dead cells. These foods are egg whites milk and milk products like cottage cheese mozzarell and whey protein, and pulp-free fruit juices.
• When you have an attack, it is important to avoid excessive exercise, don’t starve yourself, and don’t reduce you calorie intake. The body will continue to break down body tissue and not getting the proper intake of calories per day, the body will compensate by accelerating the breaking down process.

Test and diagnosis considerations

To confirm a diagnosis, a doctor will inject a needle into the inflamed joint and pull a sample of the liquid that lubricates the joint called synovial fluid to analyze. If there are uric acid crystal found in the joint spaces, then you have gout. X-rays don’t work in the early stages of gout, only when the disease is in its later stage, will you see parts of the joint that have been worn away or eroded.

Patients will often seek medical attention thinking that finding the gout in its early stages will prevent it from getting worse later. Sometimes symptoms of gout can be confused with another form of arthritis. One form is called pseudogout. It resembles all the symptoms of gout, but instead of having uric acid crystals that form in the joint spaces, it calcium phosphate. In this case, pseudogout.

Treatment options

1. Home treatments

• Warming the joints with a foot bath and heating pad can help relieve joint pain.
• Increasing the amount of water that you drink will increase your urination, which decreases the amount of
  uric acid in your blood. According to the Institute of Medicine, men should drink approximately 13 cups of
  water per day, women should drink approximately nine cups, whether it’s in food or drink.
• NSAIDs, with the help of other prescribed drugs, are used to treat gout. Aspirin should not be taken
  because it can aggravate the condition.
• Corticosteroids can relieve pain and inflammation of gout in the joint by injecting it right into the joint if
  the pain medication that you have at home doesn’t work.
• Doctors have been advising patients who suffer from gout to take Vitamin E, B-complex, and folic acid to
  replenish the body’s supply.

This should be done under supervision of a physician, but a solution of half of a teaspoon of baking soda dissolved into a glass of water on an empty stomach. If the stomach is full, the combination of the stomach acid and the water/baking soda solution will turn the water into carbon dioxide gas.

The gas will increase stomach pressure, causing injury. Do not exceed more than seven 1/2 teaspoons or three 1/2 teaspoons if you’re over 60, in a 24 hour period. Don’t exceed the maximum dosage for more than two weeks.

Herbal Remedies

In folk medicine, eating or drinking cherries in various forms has shown to reduce the inflammation caused by gout. They have been promoted to the preventing or treating of the condition.

Other herbal remedies that people tend to use instead of conventional medicine are things like celery seed
oil, cherries or cherry extract, turmeric, artichoke extract, garlic, and various Chinese herbs.

Some people have found that swallowing a teaspoon of celery seed oil gives relief for people suffering from gout. It has been used as a herbal remedy to help with conditions where inflammation is a symptom and rheumatism. Turmeric is known in many countries for its health benefits. In Pakistan, it is used as an anti-inflammatory.

The herbal remedy Flamasil, which is turmeric based, it helps with the degeneration of cells, which is 70 percent of all uric acid production, enhances liver and kidney function, and blocks the enzyme that produces uric acid. With any home remedy or experimental drug, there will be opinions and criticisms about how well or if it works.

Side Effects

The side effects of oral colchicine is usually nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or diarrhea. These side effects make it difficult for the patient to continue using the drug. Corticosteroids cannot be used for every attack you have. If used over time, it can cause deterioration of the joints. It can also decrease the ability for the body to fight off infection and may make these infections harder to treat. You might also notice an increase or decrease in appetite, nervousness, restlessness, problems sleeping, and indigestion.

If you’re using a corticosteroid, via inhalant, you’re more likely to suffer from dry throat as well as headaches, nausea, bruising and/or thinning of the skin, unpleasant sense of taste. Nasal sprays can also irritate the throat, and ointments or gels can cause skin irritation.

Probenicid, or Benemid, is not a good medication to treat acute gout attacks. They can aggravate the inflammation if used in the beginning stages of the attack. It can also cause kidney issues such as renal colic and increased levels of uric acid that can turn into uric acid stones, or kidney stones. Zyloprim side effects are included, but not limited to, an acute attack of gout, nausea, diarrhea, and certain skin reactions such as a rash.

All gout medications have side effects that range from nausea to stomach cramps. Although, there are new medications being developed in clinical trials that will substantially increase the elimination of uric acid and the lowering of uric acid in the blood stream. Researchers are also working on medications that will stop chemical messages that are causing the gout inflammation.

Chinese Research

In China, researchers have invented a medicine that compliments, the Weicao Capsule, that helps relieve gout, therapeutically. This is still in its trial phase, but it has been shown in a study that the capsule has increased urination, which lowers high levels of uric acid and improves kidney function.

Gout can become extremely serious if not treated in it’s earliest stages. There are some people that will dismiss the condition, but gout is very serious and has the capability of interfering with the simplest of everyday things.

Resources

National Institute of Health
Cdc.Gov
MedicineNet.Com

Chicken pox, also referred to as Varicell disease, is classified as an infectious disease that particularly strikes children. However, chicken pox can affect persons of various ages and often does. Statistics indicate that over four million individuals in the United States alone are diagnosed with chicken pox annually and the incidence for chicken pox in many other countries remains much higher.

Symptoms

The hallmark symptoms of chicken pox include an itchy rash, fever, and headache. The rash tends to look like blisters and can most usually be found on the face, trunk, and sometimes the scalp. However, the rash can also spread to other areas of the body, including the eyes and mouth. Sore throat, chills, and profuse sweating may also accompany chicken pox. While many of these symptoms subside within ten days, serious complications resulting in hospitalization and even death can occur.

Complications

One of the most common complications of chicken pox is skin infection. The rash is extremely uncomfortable, causing itching and pain. Young children are especially prone to scratching, which can cause breaks in the skin. This allows a portal for microbes and other infectious disease. Once the chicken pox virus enters the body, it remains there and can also give rise to shingles later in life. One complication of chicken pox called Reye’s syndrome can easily be avoided by not administering aspirin to those with chicken pox.

Dehydration can also become a concern with chicken pox, especially if the child has blisters in his or her mouth. Ensuring adequate fluid intake can prevent dehydration.

Adults suffering from chicken pox are at an elevated risk for both pneumonia and encephalitis. In rare cases, permanent neurological impairments have been known to occur. Other than Rye Syndrome, liver damage is possible. However, the inflammation is usually short term and will gradually go away.

Transmission

Chicken pox or Varicella disease is transmitted from person to person. Vaccination, avoiding contact with respiratory secretions, and limiting exposure to those lacking sufficient immunity can reduce the transmission of chicken pox. Immunity to the disease is permanent once exposed via vaccination or infection.

Prognosis

As previously mentioned, chicken pox can cause a variety of complications. Scarring is likely with chicken pox and will depend on the severity of the virus. Refraining from scratching and allowing the scabs to fall off can help reduce scarring.

Children usually make a full recovery from the disease and the majority of complications are most prevalent in adults. Chicken pox remains dormant in the body and symptoms can resurface at anytime in life.

This most often occurs later in life and/or when the immune system is lacking. The most common recurring complication of chicken pox is shingles. Shingles is characterized by severe pain and a rash that eventually develops into small blisters filled with fluid. Unlike chicken pox, the symptoms can last a month or more. During an outbreak of shingles, the individual can transmit the virus to others.

Causes and Prevention

Chicken pox is caused by the Varicella Zoster virus of the Herpes family. While there is no cure for this disease, it can often be prevented with vaccination. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children between the ages of twelve months and twelve years should have the vaccination in two doses, three months apart.

Children over the age of twelve should have two vaccinations within a couple weeks apart. Adults of high risk, such as the elderly and the immune compromised are also candidates for the Varicella vaccination.

However, those that have previously contracted chicken pox or have had shingles do not need vaccinated. Chicken pox infections can still occur despite vaccination. However, those who contract the disease after vaccination will typically have a shorter, milder duration of chicken pox.

Risks Associated with Vaccination

As with any other vaccination, there are some risks to the Varicella vaccination and it is not recommended for all persons. Pregnant women, patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, those who may be allergic to the vaccine, seriously ill individuals, and anyone who has received a blood transfusion or blood products within the few previous months are not good candidates for vaccination. Persons suffering from mild illnesses can still have the vaccination though. Complications can easily be avoided by discussing the previous medical history with the physician.

Side Effects

Side effects of the Varicella vaccination are typically quite mild and may not occur in all individuals. The most common side effect noted is redness, swelling, and inflammation at the injection site. This is only temporary and typically goes away within a few days. Other side effects include fever, rash and/or bumps following the vaccination and occur in less than five percent of vaccination recipients. In some rare cases, chicken pox has been transmitted from the vaccinated individual to others.

Infection with the virus has occurred in only a small number of those that have been vaccinated. Serious side effects that are even less common include allergic reaction, encephalitis, seizures, and pneumonia. However, there is no evidence to indicate whether or not these reported incidents were actually caused by the chicken pox vaccination. The benefits of the vaccine outweigh the possible risks.

Risk Factors for Varicella Disease

Those most at risk for contracting chicken pox include those without sufficient immunity. This includes persons who have not been immunized and who have not had the disease. Infants, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems and/or certain medical conditions are also at high risk for the Varicella virus. Coming into contact with persons suffering from chicken pox significantly increases the chance for these individuals to contract the disease.

Certain geographical populations are also more prone to chicken pox outbreaks due to lack of herd immunity. For this reason, unvaccinated travelers are also considered high risk for contracting chicken pox. Another important risk factor is receiving an organ transplant. Transplant recipients are at high risk for developing not only chicken pox if not previously exposed, but developing shingles.

Diagnosis

Chicken pox can be diagnosed via a blood test. However, this is not usually necessary. Signs and symptoms alone are often sufficient enough to diagnose this disease. It is important that the child or afflicted individual be diagnosed by a licensed health care worker to rule out other conditions or illnesses.

Shingles may also be quite easy to diagnose clinically but a test known as the immunofluorescence assay test is a quick and convenient diagnostic tool most commonly used to detect Varicella when shingles is suspected.

Treatment

The treatment for Varicella disease is mainly symptomatic. Reducing pain, fever, and promoting comfort are all considerations. Over the counter pain reliever/fever reducers with the exception of aspirin and aspirin products are typically administered as needed. Acetaminophen, the main ingredient in Tylenol and other pain relievers is most commonly given. A physician may also prescribe topical ointments to relieve itching and/or antibiotic creams to prevent infection. Keeping the skin clean and intact is an important concern, especially in children.

Although there are anti viral drugs available, these are usually reserved for certain individuals. Antiviral drugs are mainly prescribed for adults and those at high risk for developing severe complications associated with chicken pox, those with weakened immune defenses and patients suffering from shingles.

Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famcyclovir are generally the antiviral drug of choice for the Varicella virus.

Alternative Treatments

Some treatments for chicken pox are non pharmaceutical; these also are used to promote comfort and manage symptoms.

These treatments can consist of herbal supplements, plant extract, and vitamins. Since these products are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, it is recommended that a physician be consulted before attempting these alternative treatments for chicken pox.

Vitamins

Vitamins believed to be beneficial to those suffering from chicken pox include vitamin B-12, vitamin A with beta carotene, and vitamins D, E, and K. Advocates of this natural remedy for chicken pox note the properties of vitamin A and beta carotene to the skin and in fending off viral infections.

B-12 vitamins provide relief by helping the individual to feel better. Although many B-12 vitamins are available over the counter, injections of this vitamin can be provided by a physician. The remaining vitamins D, E, and K assist in the absorption of vitamin B-12 and A, as well as many other nutritional supplements.

Precautions should be taken, especially with children before providing vitamin supplements for treatment. Overdose of vitamins can have adverse health effects, leading to temporary or permanent disability and/or death.

Herbal Remedies

Most herbal remedies for chicken pox are topical mixtures that are safe for most children and adults. One of the most common herbal remedies is to create a mixture of rosemary, comfrey, and chickweed to soothe the skin. The convection is slightly warmed and applied to the skin using a clean cloth. To avoid rupturing of the blisters during the application process, the mixture should be blotted onto the skin gently. The herbs are applied as needed to soothe the itching, pain, and burning caused by blisters.

Lotions and Gels

There are a variety of lotions and gels over the counter and by prescription that may be used to treat chicken pox. Aloe Vera, Calamine lotions, Oatmeal pastes, and similar concoctions are used topically to promote comfort. Some may even be used in bath water or directly from plants, especially extracts such as aloe. Products similar to the Calamine lotions typically have antimicrobial properties to help prevent infection and reduce itching and inflammation of the skin.

Treatment Costs

The cost of treatment for chicken pox will vary depending on the methods implemented. Lotions and gels can typically be purchased from major retailers for under $10, while others can be safely and effectively made at home. Some herbal products may have to be purchased at specialty stores and costs will vary.

Risks Associated with Alternative Treatments

Alternative treatments for chicken pox can provide relief of symptoms but is not recommended for everyone. Overdose, allergic reaction, and/or infection can result. Those with specific plant allergies, small children and infants, those with a compromised immune system should not undergo these treatments without first consulting their primary caregiver/physician.

Other Considerations

Chicken pox is caused by a virus, as with any other viral illness, it must run its course. There is no cure for chicken pox. Treatment should revolve around promoting comfort, and preventing complications such as dehydration and infection. Drinking fluids, getting plenty of rest, and avoiding skin abrasion are crucial to those with chicken pox.

If symptoms do not improve within ten days, a physician should be consulted. Immediate medical attention may be required for fever over 104 F, when dehydration is suspected, changes in mental status, or if the symptoms become progressively worse. To help prevent the spread of the disease, exposure to infected persons should be limited.

Hyperacidity occurs when the stomach releases a higher than normal amount of hydrochloric acid during the process of digestion. Hyperacidity also refers to the stomach simply containing an excess of acid.

The term heartburn refers to a sensation that can be described as feeling like burning and is felt in the chest area behind the breastbone. Though the pain will usually be felt in the chest, it may also radiate out towards the neck and throat area.

Stomach Acid

Heartburn may be experienced when there is a regurgitation of stomach acid (gastric acid). It also commonly occurs as a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The term acid reflux is often used interchangeably with heartburn. However, acid reflux is the action of the stomach acid leaking into the esophagus while heartburn is the associated sensation.

While most individuals experience infrequent and minor cases of heartburn, there is a severe condition known as GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) that affects some with symptoms far more often. This condition involves intense and frequent acid reflux and can lead to many potential health complications.

Alternative names

Hyperacidity is alternatively referred to as acid dyspepsia or Amalpitta.

Heartburn is alternatively referred to as acid indigestion or pyrosis.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms associated with hyperacidity and reflux are:

• The sensation of heartburn occurring after eating. Pain may last for a few minutes or up to several hours.
• A pain in the chest area that can get worse when lying down or bending over.
• A painful burning sensation occurring in the throat. Can be accompanied by an acidic taste in the mouth or the sensation of a sour or bitter liquid in the back of the throat.
• A sore throat or feeling of hoarseness.
• Feeling like something is caught in the esophagus or throat area.

In the more severe cases of GERD, symptoms may include:

• Belching
• Bloating
• Blood in stool or vomit
• Dysphagia the condition of having a narrowed esophagus, can lead to individuals feeling as though food has not gone down properly when eating or has become stuck in the throat
• Frequent and long lasting occurrences of hiccups
• Nausea
• Unexplained loss of weight
• Wheezing accompanied by a scratchy or sore throat

*Please contact your doctor should you experience symptoms of GERD or experience heartburn more than twice per week.

Causes

Hyperacidity occurs as a result of several different causes. The most common of these are ulcers in the lining of the stomach, GERD, cancer of the stomach, or a diet that is high in spicy foods.

Acid reflux, and the resulting heartburn, is typically caused by a condition of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES.) This sphincter is found in-between the esophagus and the stomach. The role of the LES is to prevent acid that is present in the stomach (due to normal digestive processes) from leaking into the esophagus.

The LES will regularly open during eating so that food can pass into the stomach area for digestion or to allow for belching as needed. When the LES becomes underactive or fails to provide the necessary seal due to poorly timed opening or improper closing, reflux can occur. Problems with the LES can occur due to overeating, which leads to an overfull stomach with too much food. Being overweight or pregnant also puts pressure on the stomach and can lead to the same problems.

Additionally, the LES can become relaxed, causing it to malfunction, as a result of diet or lifestyle.

Risk factors

Risk factors for acid reflux and heartburn are sometimes not a direct result of lifestyle and behavior, such as in the case of a medical condition. However, most of the time these risk factors can be controlled by making changes to ones habits or diet.

Some behaviors that are known to trigger occurrences of reflux and heartburn include:

• Being overweight. Body fat can put pressure on the stomach which may lead to a malfunctioning LES (lower esophageal sphincter.)
• Eating too much during meals, being overstuffed.
• Lying down flat or bending over within 2 hours after eating.
• Eating meals or snacks right before going to sleep.
• Smoke can act as a stimulant in the production of gastric acid. Also, smoking may weaken the LES which causes it to relax.
• Taking certain medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, muscle relaxers or medication to treat blood pressure

Some of the foods and beverages that are known to increase the risks of having heartburn are:

• Tomatoes and tomato-based products
• Citrus fruit and juices (Examples: orange juice, lemons, lemonade, grapefruit juice, cranberry juice)
• Garlic and onions
• Chocolate
• Dairy products (Examples: milk, ice cream, sour cream, yogurt)
• Coffee (and other caffeinated products)
• Some carbonated beverages
• Alcohol (Examples: liquor, red wine, beer)
• Peppermint
• Dishes made with high levels of fats and oils or are fried
• Dishes prepared using spicy ingredients

Having occasional heartburn is not usually a cause for concern. 30% of the U.S. population will experience infrequent moderate episodes that do not require medical attention. Frequent heartburn occurring more than twice a week for an extended period may indicate a serious medical condition or can develop into one.

Heartburn occurs daily for approximately 10% of the U.S. population. A doctor should be contacted if heartburn occurs over twice a week for a continuous two weeks or longer.

Prevention tips

1) Keep an eye on portion sizes. Eating until stuffed puts pressure on the stomach. A very large meal will stc6ay in the stomach fc6or longer and increc6ase the chances of reflux. Reduce the size of meal portions so that you are feeling satisfied after eating rather than full.

2) Take the time to eat slowly. Slowing down can keep you from overeating.

3) Don’t eat meals and snacks within two hours of going to sleep. Eating several hours before bedtime will allow your stomach to digest properly and empty prior to lying down. This will also give time for the acid produced during digestion to decrease again.

4) Know which foods trigger heartburn and avoid them. A food diary can help to track the foods that will cause heartburn. Staying away from these foods can reduce the occurrences of heartburn. Each person is different and some food items can be triggers for some people and not others.

5) Be careful when eating out. Stay away from foods with high fat content, a low fat option is always better. Also, restaurant portion sizes are typically very large. Decide in advance to take half the meal home to avoid overeating.

6) Lose weight. Symptoms of heartburn can be reduced by shedding some pounds, which reduces some of the pressure on the stomach.

7) Avoid tight fitting clothes. Clothing that is too tight around the stomach area may put pressure on the stomach and the LES (lower esophageal sphincter.)

8.) Quit smoking. Smoke can cause or worsen the symptoms of heartburn.

9) Don’t drink alcohol. Or just keep a watch on alcohol consumption. Some alcoholic beverages trigger heartburn more frequently (such as red wine.)

10) Do not exercise within two hours of eating a meal. A full stomach combined with the movement and strain of exercise can lead to acid reflux and heartburn.

11) Increase your water consumption. Keep the body hydrated and avoid carbonated and caffeinated beverages to assist the body with digestion.

Test and Diagnosis Considerations

Frequently occurring heartburn could indicate a medical problem and a doctor should be contacted. Doctors may run diagnostic tests to determine the nature of the heartburn or to see if it is a reflection of a more serious concern.

Upper Endoscopy Procedure where a thin and flexible tube called an endoscope is inserted into the throat. Doctor can then examine the upper lining of the gastrointestinal tract (includes the esophagus, stomach and part of the small intestine.)

This procedure can provide more accurate results than x-rays because it gets a much closer view of the lining. From an endoscopy, a doctor can diagnose inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, ulcers, hernias, growths, obstructions, precancerous conditions or cancer.

Bernstein Test

Bernstein Test (or an acid perfusion test) Procedure where the doctor will attempt to reproduce symptoms related to heartburn in order to determine if acid from the stomach is the cause of the heart burn. A nasogastric (NG) tube will be inserted into the esophagus through the nose.

A solution similar to stomach acid will then be passed into the esophagus to determine if the heartburn sensation has been reproduced followed by a saline solution. From these tests, a doctor may be able to determine if the esophagus is irritated, if acid reflux is the cause of heartburn, or if additional testing will be necessary.

Esophageal Manometry Procedure

Esophageal Manometry Procedure performed to determine if the esophagus properly contracts. The doctor will pass a pressure-sensitive tube through the esophagus (through mouth or nose) and into the stomach. Pressure on the tube after swallowing can be measured to determine the effectiveness of the esophagus contractions. This is usually conducted prior to a surgery on the esophagus being considered.

PH Tests & Xrays

PH Test Procedure performed to measure the amount of the stomach acid present or backed up into the esophagus. A thin plastic tube will be inserted into the esophagus through the nose and is left in place for 24 hours. Regular activities should be continued for the day in order to get the most accurate acid measurements.

Barium X-Rays (or barium swallow) X-rays taken after ingestion of a liquid containing barium. The doctor can see the flow of the barium into the digestive tract to spot ulcers, hernias, or other abnormalities.

Treatment Options

There are many courses of action one may take to relieve the symptoms of hyperacidity and heartburn. Beyond simple prevent, there are home remedies, medicines, and surgeries that can help affected individuals.

Herbal & Home Remedies

Living enzymes in food are said to help with digestion and can help with or eliminate acid reflux. A diet high in organic, fresh, and raw fruits and vegetables will add living enzymes to the stomach and can lead to improvement of heartburn symptoms.

Some other remedies that may offer natural heartburn relief:

• Ginger root can be added to teas
• Anti-inflammatory herbs can help to repair tissue in esophagus that been damaged
• Anti-anxiety herbs such as slippery elm root bark powder

Stress and anxiety are known to aggravate acid reflux and heartburn symptoms. Finding methods to deal with normal anxiety and stress naturally can help to lessen symptoms. Some examples of natural ways to reduce anxiety and stress include aromatherapy, massage, meditative relaxing techniques or gentle exercise.

Pharmaceutical Remedies

For many individuals with lesser to moderate symptoms of heartburn, a combined strategy of avoiding triggers and using over-the-counter medicines can be an effective means for controlling heartburn and acid reflux.

There are many over-the-counter medicines on the market that can neutralize stomach acid or otherwise reduce heartburn. Some of these include:

• Foaming agents (such as Gaviscon) work to prevent reflux by coating the lining of the stomach
• Antacids (such as Alka-Seltzer, Maalox, Rolaids, Riopan Pepto-Bismol, and Mylanta) can rapidly bring relief of symptoms by neutralizing the acid in the stomach
• H2 Blockers (such as Tagamet HB, Zantac 75, Axid AR or Pepcid AC) will reduce the levels of acid being produced in the stomach

These medicines are easily accessible and affordable. However, there can be risks and side effects associated with long term use of these medications. Diarrhea, stomach cramping, headaches, nausea and constipation may occur with frequent use. Individuals taking antacids should ensure they are being taken according to instructions provided by their doctor or listed on the packaging.

Prescription Strength

When over-the-counter medicines are not providing relief, a doctor may prescribe medication for more severe cases. Those who experience very frequent occurrences of heartburn, experience hyperacidity, or individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) will benefit the most from the prescription medications that are taken once daily and work for 24 hours.

Proton pump inhibitors (such as Prilosec, Nexium, Protonix, and Prevacid) will reduce the amount of acid produced more effectively and for a more extended period of time than H2 blockers and also work to repair damage to the esophagus.

Prokinetics or Promotility agents (such as Reglan) can force the stomach to empty itself quicker, thus assisting the pressure on the LES and reducing acid reflux. They will stimulate stomach muscles to move food further along the gastrointestinal tract.

Side Effects

Side effects and risks associated with these types of prescription medications vary. Effects that should be reported to a doctor when taking proton pump inhibitors include confusion, tightness in the chest, fever, irregular heart beat and fatigue. High doses of prokinetics or promotility agents may reduce the absorption of other important medications and can cause effects such as drowsiness, diarrhea, restlessness, movement problems and issues with kidney functions in older adults.

Surgery

For some individuals, medications may not provide enough relief of symptoms. For these cases or where the symptoms seem to negatively interfere with ones life, individuals may undergo surgery that may assist in offering relief of GERD and heartburn symptoms. Doctors may also recommend surgery when the LES fails to work properly or when esophageal cancer has developed from chronic GERD. If not properly treated, long term cases of reflux can cause serious issues or complications.

Laparoscopic Surgery- A procedure which is minimally invasive and utilizes a thin instrument attached to a tiny video camera and light source. The video transmits images to a monitor and this helps to avoid the need for larger incisions. This procedure will create an artificial valve in the stomach. The top portions of the stomach will be wrapped around the LES through an incision in the abdomen or chest area using a lighted tube. The new valve can strengthen the LES and prevent future episodes of acid reflux.

Individuals who meet certain criteria would be considered the candidates most likely to benefit from this surgery.

• No previous abdominal surgery
• Most often experience symptoms when lying down
• No history of bleeding disorder and no other major medical issues
• Not pregnant

Benefits of Surgery

The benefits to this surgery include a short hospital stay and fast recovery/return to normal activities. There is less risk of infections and surgical complications due to the small incision that is used. This type of surgery is typically less expensive than more traditional and invasive surgeries. Surgery as treatment for GERD and heartburn symptoms would be considered a last resort.

Over 90% of those who undergo this surgery will be cured of their symptoms but there is no long term evidence to conclusively state that this cure will be permanent. Surgery as a method of treatment for reflux is debated in the medical world and many still believe medications are better long term solutions.

Those patients who are not a candidate for this type of laparoscopic surgery may require more invasive procedures to treat GERD. This may include laparotomy (which involves cutting open the abdomen) or thoracotomy (which involves cutting open the chest.)

Common problems of the ears, nose, and throat

ENT disorder, or ENT syndrome, is a very broad description of a number of different ailments. It refers to any problems or disorders with a person’s ears, nose, or throat. Chances are, if someone has chronic problems in this area, they have been or will be referred to an ear nose and throat specialist called an otolaryngologist.

Causes of these disorders depend on exactly which disorder it is, but is usually a fungal, viral, or bacterial infection of some sort. Environment seems to also play a part. Things such as smoking and excessive drinking, can increase the risk of having chronic problems in this area.

Ear

The ear, as most people know, is the organ responsible for hearing. It also plays a part in maintaining balance. Ignoring problems in the ear can lead to more serious problems – hearing loss, for example – and should not be taken lightly. It is important to seek medical attention if any of the following symptoms last for a day or more:

• Pain
• Difficulty hearing
• Discharge from the ear
• Ringing or buzzing sound
• loss of balance

The ear mainly consists of the outer ear, ear canal, eardrum, middle and inner ear, and eustachian tube. The outer ear and the ear canal are the passageway to the middle and inner ear, which has semi-circular canals positioned on the top of it that help maintain a sense of balance. The eardrum is the thin membrane that receives and transmits sound waves through the ear, and the eustachian tube runs from the middle ear to the nasal cavity. This helps to equalize air pressure which is important to the health of the ear.

A full physical exam is usually required when going to a physician for any ear problems. Though many ear disorders may have the same symptoms, a physician will ask questions, and look inside the ear with an otoscope, which is a special flashlight made for looking into the ear. Either the ear canal or eardrum being swollen or red indicates a problem.

Additional Tests

A pneumatic otoscope is equipped to blow small puffs of air towards the eardrum. If there is an infection present, the buildup of fluids will prevent the eardrum from moving. In a case where the eardrum is blocked from view, either by earwax or some other obstruction, an ear curette is used to remove the obstruction.

Other possible tests include hearing tests, lab tests, and a tympanometry. During this procedure, a tool called a tympanometer is inserted into the ear canal to measure the eardrum’s response to minute changes in air pressure. The results from this test could indicate the source of the problem.

Otitis media (middle ear infection)

This is the most common ear problem that affects young children, though adults are not immune to it. This happens when the eustachian tube becomes inflamed from something such as a common cold, sinus infection, or allergies. This results in fluid building up in the middle ear. This can cause an infection by either a virus or bacteria. An infection of this nature can cause the eardrum to become inflamed, which may result in a build up of pus or fluid behind the eardrum.

A feeling of blockage or pressure may be felt in the infected ear along with pain and fever. Hearing may also be muffled. Since a small baby is unable to tell a parent what is wrong, it may tug on its ear during an ear infection.

Treatment

The recommended treatment for a middle ear infection is usually antibiotics and a mild over the counter pain reliever. An antihistamine or pain relieving ear drops are also prescribed in certain cases. If the ear does not drain on its own, a myringotomy may be performed.

During this procedure, a small incision is made in the eardrum to allow the built up fluids to drain. The eardrum will then usually heal itself in a couple of weeks. If the eardrum ruptures on its own and doesn’t drain properly, though, the fluid may get trapped in the middle ear and cause frequent and chronic ear infection.

Swimmer’s ear (otitis externa)

Commonly known as swimmer’s ear, an infection of the outer ear canal, happens when water gets trapped here. A fungus or bacteria may then grow in the ear canal. This kind of infection does not just infect swimmers. A person cleaning their ear improperly with a cotton swab can also get swimmer’s ear.

The affected ear may feel blocked and may be accompanied by pain, itching, and a foul-smelling discharge. In some cases, partial hearing loss is reported, but this is only temporary.

An over the counter pain medication is recommended to help pain associated with swimmer’s ear. A doctor will also prescribe antifungal or antibacterial ear drops, and steroid drugs.

Tinnitus

Tinnitus is a condition in which a person often hears noises in their ears. These may sound like a ringing, buzzing, roaring or clicking. Any number of ear problems could attribute to these noises, such as constantly being around loud noises, certain medications, trauma, alcoholism, or high blood pressure. Damaged nerve endings or the bones in the inner ear stiffening can be to blame. Many times, tinnitus is a symptom of an underlying condition, but is usually not serious.

A physician will perform a series of tests in this situation to find the source of the problem. A check for earwax buildup and possibly a complete hearing test will be performed. In cases that no immediate cause can be found, a set of x-rays may be ordered.

Nose

Not only is the nose the organ responsible for our sense of smell, it is also the main entry way for air to get into our lungs. The inside of the nose is divided by the septum, which is comprised of bone and cartilage; on both sides of this, near the middle of the nasal cavity, are a number of small bones called conchae.

These are covered with mucous membranes, which continually produce mucous that helps warm, moisturize, and cleanse the incoming air. The membrane is also covered with hairlike filaments called cilia, which help cleanse the air we breath in. Linked to the nasal cavity are the sinuses – air pockets in the face and skull which are also covered with mucous membranes.

Most problems in the nasal cavity start out with a stuffy nose. This can usually be cleared up with over the counter medications such as decongestants or antihistamines. Often times, a stuffy nose will be caused by a cold or allergies. If the nasal passages continue to be stuffed, there is sinus pain, or bleeding has continues for more than twenty minutes, a trip to the doctor should be seriously considered.

Additional Testing

A doctor may order x-rays or a CT scan of the sinuses to detect a problem in this area. These can show fluid build up in the sinuses or a thickening of the mucous membranes associated with sinusitis. A nasal swab test may also be used to diagnose various strains of influenza or other infections.

An allergy skin test can be used to detect any allergies that may be causing trouble in the nasal passages. During this test, a physician will introduce a suspected allergen just under the skin. Watching for any reaction will determine if a person is allergic to that particular allergen. These are usually done on the forearm or back.

Nosebleeds

Most nosebleeds aren’t considered serious and are usually caused by some sort of trauma. They can originate in the front or the back of the nose.

Nosebleeds from the front of the nose are the most common and are usually caused by such things as nose-picking or inhaling irritable substances. Blood will flow out the nostrils. More times than not, they can be taken care of at home.

Stopping the Blood Flow

To stop the flow of blood, pinching the nose and keeping the head elevated above the heart works in most cases. A cold compress or ice pack may also be applied, but the nose should never be picked or blown when it is bleeding. If the bleeding does not stop within twenty minutes or if the nose may have been broken, medical attention is necessary.

If a nosebleed originates in the back, blood will flow down the back of the nose and throat. This is more serious and requires immediate medical attention.

Some people will experience frequent nosebleeds, which may require a physician’s care. A blood vessel in the nose may be cauterized, or a nasal balloon catheter may be inserted to put pressure on the vessel.

Sinusitis

An infection in the sinuses is referred to as sinusitis. Most of the time, sinusitis starts with a cold or allergies, which cause an increase in mucous production. Sometimes, these may also cause the mucous membranes to swell and cause the mucous to build up and get trapped in the sinuses. Many times this lets bacteria grow in the sinuses.

Pain is often a symptoms of sinusitis. It can be felt in the cheeks, forehead, or upper jaw. Green or yellow foul-smelling discharge, fever, and sore throat also often accompany a sinus infection. This can usually be taken care of at home with over the counter medicines, however if the infection lasts for more than a couple weeks or keeps coming back, a doctor’s care is needed.

Antibiotics and a nasal decongestant are usually the course of action taken by a physician for sinusitis. In more serious or reoccurring cases, a nasal endoscopy may be performed. This involves a doctor inserting a thin, flexible tube with a fiber optic light on it into the nasal passages to see inside the sinuses. Frequent sinus infections can be caused by immune deficiency or a structural abnormality such as a deviated septum.

Postnasal Drip

When mucous is felt dripping down the throat from the back of the nose, it is referred to as postnasal drip. This condition happens when there is an excessive production of mucous – usually caused by infections, allergies, irritation, or a structural abnormality.

If an infection is found, antibiotics are prescribed. If the cause of postnasal drip is due to allergies, antihistamines, decongestants, or immunotherapy may clear it up. Surgery may be required to fix a structural abnormality.

Throat

The throat is responsible for getting air into the lungs, food into the stomach, and speech. It starts at the back of the nasal cavity, down to the trachea and esophagus. When food passes down the throat, a small flap called the epiglottis closes over the windpipe to prevent food from becoming lodged in an airway.

An infection in any part of the throat can cause a sore throat. This is one of the most common ailments and usually can be taken care of at home. At times, an antibiotic is required to clear up an infection and rarely, surgery. Smoking and excessive alcohol use can irritate the sensitive throat tissues and cause chronic sore throats.

Testing for Infection

To test for throat infections, a doctor may do something called a rapid strep test. The back of the throat is swabbed and tested for the streptococcus bacteria. This usually takes less than a half hour. If nothing is found with the rapid strep test, a throat culture may be ordered. These results may take a few days, but can detect infections and are fairly accurate.

A doctor may perform a laryngoscopy. During this procedure, a light and tiny mirror are used to inspect the back of the throat. Another version of a laryngoscopy involves a flexible tube with a tiny light and camera to inspect the back of the throat.

Pharyngitis (sore throat)

Soreness in the throat, the constant urge to swallow, and difficulty swallowing are signs of a sore throat. Nine times out of ten, sore throats are caused by viruses. Warm salt water gargles, fluid intake, throat lozenges, and rest are is the recommended treatment to clear it up. If the sore throat is accompanied by fever, swollen lymph glands, or stomach ache, it could be more than a simple sore throat. A physician should be called.

At times it can be caused by a bacteria called streptococcus. Strep throat is reported in 10% of Americans per year. Along with pain in the throat, it may be accompanied by fever, headache, and muscle or joint pain. In this case, an antibiotic is needed and may be prescribed along with a mild pain killer.

Tonsillitis

Located on each side of the throat, the tonsils are thought to have no real purpose after the age of five. When the tonsils become inflamed and infected, this is called tonsillitis.

Tonsillitis is characterized by a sore throat, fever, chills, painful swelling of the lymph glands and difficulty swallowing. Head, ear, and muscle aches are also reported.

If the infection is bacterial, an antibiotic is needed, but treatment for tonsillitis is just like any other sore throat – painkillers, rest, and fluids. In some rare instances, if chronic infections are found in the tonsils, surgery may be performed to remove them. It is thought that removing the tonsils entirely may be less expensive than repeated treatment of chronic sore throats.

Laryngitis

The larynx is the upper part of the trachea responsible for speech. commonly referred to as the voice box, it contains the vocal cords. Laryngitis is when the vocal cords become inflamed. It may accompany another local infection or an infection in the upper respiratory system.

Hoarseness or total loss of the voice are the main symptoms of laryngitis. Pain, tickling, or swelling in the throat are other common symptoms along with a cough and fever.

Most instances of laryngitis can be treated at home by resting the voice and throat lozenges. If the infection is bacterial, it will require an antibiotic. If the hoarseness lasts more than two weeks or it becomes difficult to breath, medical attention in required.

Natural remedies

It is always best to consult a physician before trying any natural or herbal remedy for any ailment. For many though, they work and they work well. As with any medical problem, there are a few natural remedies for ear, nose, and throat disorders.

Yogurt

When taking a prescription antibiotic, eating yogurt may help prevent ear, nose, and throat infections from coming back again and again. It contains live bacteria that helps the human body by helping the infection fighting bacteria in our bodies.

Garlic

Garlic contains something called allicin and can be used as a natural antibiotic. It does not kill the helpful bacteria in our bodies that we need to naturally fight infection like prescription antibiotics do. Sucking on a slice of garlic for about 15 minutes will help ease a throat infection. The odor free garlic capsules now commonly sold in stores will not work for this. The allicin is what causes the strong “garlicky” smell, and the allicin is what gives garlic many of its medicinal qualities.

Kelp

Though it tastes quite nasty, a tea made from powdered kelp can coat the throat and kill the streptococcus bacteria that causes strep throat.

Lemon and Honey

A sore throat can be eased by drinking a mixture of honey and lemon. Tea with honey and lemon added may also help.

One of the main reasons for deaths worldwide and the single leading cause of death (1 in 5) and illness in the US is coronary heart disease (CHD). Also referred to as coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), approximately 14 million women and men are impacted by coronary heart disease in America. Costing about $156 billion annually, coronary heart disease is one of the most costly types of cardiovascular conditions in the US.

Causes

In general, coronary heart disease develops over time and occurs when the arteries or major blood vessels, which supply the heart with blood, become diseased or damaged. This is often the result of plaques or fatty deposits, which have built-up in the walls of the arteries.

The hardening of the arteries or atherosclerosis is the condition which causes coronary heart disease and this occurs when the arteries become narrow, restricting the flow of blood, resulting in chest pain or angina.

In addition, if the arteries are blocked because of plaque, it may cause a heart attack or sudden cardiac arrest.

Overall, if the heart does not received sufficient blood, which is rich in oxygen and nutrients, then you have a high chance of getting coronary heart disease.

Risk factors

There are several risk factors, which may contribute to coronary heart disease. However, some common ones may include:

• Diabetes and persistent kidney disease
• Hypertension or high blood pressure
• Diet high in fat
• Age, especially for men in their 40s and women who have reached menopause
• Family genes or hereditary, in that if someone in your family has had coronary heart disease before age 55, your chances of being affected by this disease increases
• High or abnormal cholesterol levels, which results if your bad cholesterol or low density lipoproteins (LDLs) are high and your good cholesterol, or high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are low
• Smoking and excessive tobacco use, including smoking cigarettes, pipes and cigars as well as chewing tobacco
• Lack of exercise and physical activity
• Obesity and being overweight
• Excessive use of alcohol
• Emotional stress

Symptoms

Often called the silent killer, coronary heart disease symptoms may occur quickly, sharply, and unexpectedly and may be destructive, as in a cardiac arrest or a heart attack. Some symptoms include feelings of discomfort especially during exercise or increased activity when your heart has an increased demand for nutrients and oxygen in the blood. However, if the arteries are blocked, the flow is decreased and they may trigger a cardiac arrest or extreme discomfort.

Sometimes symptoms may not occur even though you have coronary heart disease and in many cases, apart from having an electrocardiogram (ECG) test done, it would not be discovered that you have a heart problem. This condition is called silent ischemia when half or more of your arteries are blocked without showing any symptoms.

Other common symptoms for coronary artery disease occur because the heart is unable to pump enough blood in order to meet the demands of your body. These may include

• Tightness in the chest and chest pains, which is one of the most common symptoms
• Heart palpitations
• Shortness of breath resulting from strenuous activity or exercise
• Pain in the neck, arm, back, stomach or jaw in particular on the left side of the body, which may occur during rest or strenuous exercise
• Feeling weak or fatigued during rest or exertion
• Heartbeat that is irregular
• Feeling dizzy, faint or lightheaded

While you may not have all of the symptoms, you may experience a few. However, paying close attention and seeking timely medical help if the symptoms are persistent is important since they may lead to serious complications.

Complications

Some complications include a heart attack, which usually damages your heart muscles due to little or no blood flowing to the heart. The damage is often irreversible; however, with quick treatment it may be reduced. Some persons who have a heart attack may show symptoms such as spells of blackout, sweating excessively without an explanation, frequent chest pains, shortness of breath and pain in the jaws with exertion or during rest.

If you have experienced a heart attack before, you may develop heart failure. With heart failure, the heart is too weak to pump the flow of blood required for your heart to function properly.

Another complication arising from the symptoms of coronary heart disease is angina or chest pains which is usually experienced during strenuous activity such as exercise. In addition, you may experience arrhythmia or abnormal heartbeats resulting from damage to the tissues of the heart due to limited blood flow. The possibility of unexpected or sudden death may also arise from coronary artery disease.

Prevention and Diagnosis Considerations

In general, people usually seek to have tests done and to get a diagnosis for coronary heart disease if they exhibit some of the symptoms or complications such as a heart attack, an unexpected cardiac arrest or angina.

However, many of the symptoms that lead to heart disease might be caused by other conditions that are not related to the heart. Therefore, the process of diagnosis begins with getting information on your medical history, including symptoms, general and specific health issues and any medications that you are taking currently.

In order to determine whether you are having a heart attack or any other type of condition that may be life threatening, the doctor may order a few tests, before making a diagnosis. These may include a physical examination, an ECG, a blood test and other imaging tests such as an x-ray or Computerized Tomography (CT) scan.

Testing

Some of the most common diagnostic tests, which are used include:

Blood Test to check your blood chemical makeup, the blood cells as well as if there are any leakages from heart muscles that may be damaged. This may indicate that there has been a heart attack.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to measure the electrical signals in your heart and helps to detect heart problems, including a previous or current heart attack, ischemia, and strain on the heart because of high blood pressure and rhythm disorders. The ECG helps to give indications as to the significant causes of the coronary heart symptoms.

With the ECG, electrodes are attached to your chest, arms and legs as you lie down on a table. The test is easy and takes just a few minutes to be completed. In some cases, another test, called Holter monitoring, is used with the ECG. This requires you to wear a portable monitor for 24 hours to test any abnormalities that may exist in your heart.

Echocardiogram

Echocardiogram is a stress test, which uses sound waves on the heart walls and valves to produce images of the heart as it beats. It checks to see if all parts of your heart are helping with pumping the blood flow. This helps to identify any form of coronary disease or if some parts of the heart are weak or have been damaged by a heart attack. With echocardiography, the test may involve the patient exercising on a treadmill or a drug may be administered.

EBCT

CT scan and Electron Bean CT (EBCT) Scan use technology, which helps your doctor to see whether there are any plaques or calcium rich fatty deposits in your arteries. It also helps to detect blockages in your arteries up to 20%, which may be overlooked in other tests. The EBCT scans are most helpful in screening young people who may have many risk factors for heart disease and generally, minor blockages may be treated with medication and some lifestyle changes.

Coronary Angiogram or Coronary Catheterization

Coronary Angiogram or Coronary Catheterization is a surgery, which uses a catheter, a long, thin, flexible tube, filled with an iodine dye, which is injected intravenously into your arteries.

The catheter is often threaded through the opening of your arteries from a blood vessel usually in your leg or arm or groin. The arteries are made visible on an x-ray screen and images of the arteries are taken and recorded for further review. The images may show the size of the arteries and any blockages that may be occurring.

The coronary angiogram is one of the most accurate tests, which are used to determine the type of treatment you will require for your heart condition.

Possible treatments may include a heart bypass surgery, an angioplasty, stent placement or medications.

The diagnosis test using the coronary angiogram is usually a one-day invasive surgery at a hospital or a special catheterization lab and the complication risks are extremely limited especially with an experienced doctor.

CT Angiography and MRA’s

CT angiography is another method used to perform the coronary angiogram, which is non-invasive.

Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) is combined with an injected dye, which is used to detect if the arteries are narrow or blocked. However, the results are not as effective as with the coronary angiogram.

Nuclear Scan

Nuclear Scan is often used as a stress test and involves the injection of a small dose of radioactive tracer such as thallium into a vein. With the help of a special camera, the amount of blood flow reaching the areas of the heart muscles is identified.

You will be required to do two tests, one with stress or exercise on a treadmill and the other when you are at rest. If you are unable to exercise, you will be given a drug, such as Adenocard, Persantine or Dobutrex to help stress your heart on a temporary basis. The nuclear scan is a non-invasive and very accurate test, and is often very expensive.

Stress Tests

Stress Tests are used to determine when coronary heart disease symptoms occur, whether during exertion or at rest. It may involve walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bike during an ECG. In cases where you are unable to exercise, a drug may be used to stimulate your heart.

Treatment options

The treatment for coronary heart disease involves home, pharmaceutical and medical applications. Following your doctor directions is very important to reducing or preventing this disease as well as other related ones such as hypertension and diabetes.

Home remedies or treatments

Most of the control for treatment lies in the hands of the individual with heart problems. With changes to your lifestyle, you are able to help prevent or slow the progression of the disease. These changes include

Eating a diet that is heart-healthy, which should include fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fish and reduce your fat intake.

• Maintaining a healthy weight by exercising on a regular basis or 30 to 60 minutes for 3 to 5 days weekly.
• Controlling high blood pressure and diabetes by taking measurements and getting the appropriate treatment.
• Quitting smoking so that you may reduce your risk for heart disease after 3 years of quitting.
• Keeping your cholesterol in check with acceptable levels of LDL.
• Managing your stress or reducing it by using muscle relaxation and deep breathing techniques.

Pharmaceutical treatment

There are many drugs, which are used for treating coronary heart disease. Aspirin is a popular medication and taking a low-dose type daily may help to reduce your risk of a heart attack and the possibility of a clot forming. However, always consult your doctor before taking this medication as some people may experience side effects such as bleeding problems or ulcers. You doctor may also recommend a blood thinner.

Beta Blockers help to slow your heart rate and your blood pressure by decreasing your heart demand for oxygen. However, asthma patients should avoid this treatment as it may trigger an asthma attack. Statins are drugs, which are used to reduce the amounts of lipids such as cholesterol and fats in your blood.

They also help to slow or prevent the succession of heart disease and the repeat of heart attacks. Other medications may include calcium channel blockers, nitroglycerin, cholesterol-modifying drugs and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Some side effects from the calcium blockers may include constipation and leg swelling.

Medical Treatment

The medical treatment for coronary heart disease may involve some invasive procedures and more complicated measures such as surgery, which may have some risks such as a stroke, heart attack or even death.

Some invasive procedures include coronary angioplasty, which provides both therapeutic and diagnostic treatment and involves a tube, which is inserted in your artery. Another method is using a stent to keep the blocked arteries open so that the blood can flow freely.

It is a small coil-like tube, which is placed over an inflated balloon at the blocked area. Other invasive treatments include brachytherapy, which uses radiation to clear the blocked arteries, and atherectomy helps to cut away the plaque build-up in small areas or self-contained parts of an artery.

Other Options

However, when medication and invasive procedures fail to help the person with coronary heart disease or if the disease is severe, then surgery is often recommended. If several coronary arteries are blocked or if the major left artery is significantly blocked, a coronary artery bypass operation is usually performed. With this operation, you are connected to a bypass pump machine while the heart is stopped briefly. In rare cases, the operation is done without using a bypass pump.

Other surgical treatments include minimally invasive coronary bypass, usually for your front or right coronary arteries. Some patients who are unable to have either a bypass surgery or angioplasty, the transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) procedure is offered. This surgery, which may be done by itself or with a bypass surgery, uses a laser catheter to make several holes in your heart™s muscle so that new vessels will grow into the diseased heart muscles.

Stem Cells

A relatively new treatment option uses stem cell; however, this is not approved by the US FDA and is done on a limited basis in a few countries. It involves screening by stem cell cardiologists and the cells are taken, isolated, multiplied and injected into one or more of coronary arteries. This procedure is similar to the standard angioplasty or minimal invasive heart surgery.

Frequent Urination Condition

Frequent urination simply means urinating more often than usual. Its a symptom rather than a condition. Most people empty their bladders between four and eight times a day; frequent urination is therefore defined as voiding urine more often than eight times a day with the implication that this increased rate is not strictly volitional.

Frequent urination does not always signify an underlying health problem.

You may be drinking too much fluid, or possibly you need to modify your food and beverage intake: alcohol, caffeinated beverages such as coffee and tea and even some foods such as celery, watermelon and parsley are natural diuretics increasing the amount of urine you would normally excrete.

Underlying Problems

But frequent urination is often a sign of an underlying medical pathology, most often a urinary tract infection or cystitis (an inflammation of the bladder) that can affect either sex although it most common in women.

Frequent urination can also be the first symptom of diabetes, both type 1 and type 2, as the body mobilizes the urinary system to rid itself of excess glucose.

Frequent urination is linked to prostate problems in men and to pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. The symptom is also a common side effect of obesity and abdominal radiation treatments.

Even when frequent urination is not connected to an underlying pathology, it can be a disruptive and embarrassing condition. When you have to go, you have to go no matter what else is happening around you.

When frequent urination forces major changes in lifestyle habits or is accompanied by fever, pain, nausea and vomiting, increased or decreased appetite, genital discharge or changes in the appearance of the urine itself, it’s time to consult a physician about the condition.

Alternative Names

There are several different conditions which are closely associated with frequent urination:

Urgent Urination, Urinary Urgency

A sudden, compelling need to urinate linked to a burning sensation or pain, often a sign of an underlying urinary tract infection.

Urge Incontinence, Urinary Incontinence, Overactive Bladder Syndrome

A sudden, irresistible need to urinate due to bladder spasms. Symptoms include urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and sometimes leaking urine before you can get to a toilet.

Stress Incontinence

Involuntary urination that occurs during an activity such as coughing, sneezing or laughing, generally caused by an underlying anatomic weakness to the bladder.

Nocturia

Frequent urination at night involving waking up several times to use the toilet.

Polyuria

The production of excessive volumes of urine for an adult, over 2.5 liters in 24 hours.

Depending on the underlying cause of your urinary frequency, you may experience some of these symptoms as well.

Physiology

Urination is the process by which urine is eliminated from the body, a function which in healthy humans is partly under voluntary control.

Cellular metabolism generates nitrogenous waste products that must be eliminated from the bloodstream. These wastes are filtered out of the bloodstream by the kidneys. There are two kidneys in the body, each made up of microscopic structures called nephrons that act as filtering units removing most of the water, salt and waste from the blood that passes through them.

The resulting liquid waste product called urine is transported through anatomic structures called ureters to the bladder where it is stored. The anatomical structure of the ureters and bladder do not allow urine to back up towards the kidneys under most circumstances.

Bladder Muscles

The bladder has two sets of muscles controlling its opening. Only the external sphincter is under voluntary control. Both the internal sphincter and the smooth muscle in the wall of the bladder are under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system. As your bladder fills with urine, the smooth muscle stretches by means of small contractile waves to accommodate the extra volume of urine. When urination occurs, the bladder’s outer layer of muscle (called the detrusor) contracts to help push out urine.

Urine is excreted from the bladder through the urethra, a process called urination. The average adult bladder can hold between 300 and 500 cc of urine. Urine is sterile when it is excreted from the body: it contains fluid, salts and waste products, but it is free of bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic organisms.

Causes of Frequent Urination

Overactive Bladder

Overactive bladder is a condition associated with a sudden, irresistible urge to urinate, resulting from involuntary contractions of the musculature of the bladder wall.

Overactive bladder is particularly common among middle-aged and older adults, and some medical experts estimate that one out of ever 11 adults in the United States suffers from some form of it. Untreated overactive bladder can lead to an increased incidence of urinary tract infections and skin infections from the corrosive effects of urine on the delicate skin of the urogenital area. But treatment success rates are high: with behavioral modification techniques and medication, 80% of people are able to bring their symptoms under control.

Overactive bladder can be brought on by abnormalities of the nervous system such as spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, strokes, Parkinson’s disease and diabetic neuropathy; by urinary tract infections; and by blockages to the urinary system such as those caused by kidney stones or an enlarged prostate. But in many cases, there is no underlying pathogenic cause to overactive bladder.

Medical History

Medical history plays an important role in diagnosis: urinary frequency, urinary urgency, stress incontinence and urinating more than three times a night are all suggestive of overactive bladder. A pelvic exam for women (to rule out pelvic inflammatory disease) and a prostate exam for men (to check for enlargement) are generally indicated. Ultrasonic measurement of the post-void residual (the amount of urine left in the bladder after urination) can further help determine whether symptoms are due to muscle spasms or some other cause.

If underlying pathology is ruled out then treatment for overactive bladder focuses on:

Improving the Tone of the Surrounding Pelvic Muscles

Doing Kegel exercises (also called pelvic floor exercises) for five minutes, two to three times a day, can markedly decrease incontinence in both women and men. Occasionally Kegel exercises are used in conjunction with biofeedback and electrical stimulation of the floor of the pelvis.

Behavioral Modification

Behavioral techniques called bladder training can teach you to resist the urge to urinate, gradually increasing the interval between trips to the toilet.

Medications

Several medications that block the effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine have proven successful in the treatment of overactive bladder. They share common side effects including dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and in the elderly, confusion.

• Oxybutynin (Ditropan): Oxybutynin suppresses spasms in the smooth muscles of the bladder wall. Additionally it relaxes the detrusor.
• Tolterodine (Detrol, Detrol LA): Tolterodine suppresses spasms in the smooth muscles of the bladder wall. It does not cause the mouth to dry out as much as Oxybutynin.
• Solifenacin (VESIcare). Similar to Tolterodine, but with a longer half-life.
• Tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine (Tofranil) and doxepin (Sinequan, Adapin) have also been used to treat overactive bladder with some success. Their mechanism of action is not clear.

Natural Treatments

If you are suffering from the symptoms of overactive bladder, there are a number of remedies you can try at home without seeking medical attention. Regulate your fluid intake. If you smoke, stop. Consider eliminating coffee, tea and other caffeinated beverages and foods: caffeine is a known diuretic.

Foods such as chocolate, spicy cuisines, alcohol and carbonated drinks can also irritate the bladder. If you are even a few pounds overweight, consider going on a diet: middle-aged people tend to put on weight in their abdomen, and all that extra avoirdupois exerts extra pressure on your bladder.

Constipation, similarly, also exerts extra pressure on your bladder so consider increasing the amount of fiber in your diet if you suffer from it.

Some naturopathic doctors believe that overactive bladder is linked to food sensitivities, particularly to wheat and dairy products.

These foods, it’s speculated, cause a systemic inflammation that manifests, among other things, as an inflamed bladder. By cutting out one food group for a period of time and observing how your symptoms respond, you can pinpoint the dietary culprit.

Mineral Supplements

A number of botanicals and mineral supplements have also been used to treat overactive bladder with some success.

Pumpkin

Native Americans have used pumpkin seeds for centuries to improve bladder and prostate health. Pumpkin is also one of the few natural remedies to be tested in clinical trials: in one six-week study of postmenopausal women suffering from overactive bladder, almost 60% of participants showed marked improvement.

Magnesium

Clinical trials have also proven the efficacy of magnesium, particularly among patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. It thought to control smooth muscle spasms.

Saw Palmetto

Palmetto is commonly used throughout Europe to treat the symptoms of benign enlarged prostate. Its precise mechanism of action is unclear but it has anti-inflammatory properties and is known to reduce the activity of enzymes linked to prostate problems. Clinical studies have proved that it reduces urinary frequency. But palmetto has some mild estrogenic effects; for that reason, women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, taking birth control pills or undergoing hormone therapy should avoid it.

Stress Incontinence

Stress incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine due to a sudden pressure on the abdominal muscles secondary to physical activities like coughing, sneezing or laughing.

While its symptoms and many non-invasive treatments are similar to those for overactive bladder, its underlying cause is quite different: it due to a weakening of the pelvic musculature which in men can occur following a prostatectomy and among women is a common aftermath to childbirth among women (exacerbated when estrogen levels decrease in the week before menstruation or following menopause.)

In addition to the treatments described under overactive bladder above, one non-surgical treatment that sometimes used for women suffering from stress incontinence is the insertion of a small ring-shaped medical device called a pessary into the vagina. The pessary reduces stress incontinence by compressing the urethra against the symphysis pubis bone. If a woman uses this treatment option, she must be carefully monitored by her physician to reduce the chance of contracting a vaginal or urinary tract infection.

Surgical treatment is only considered if other non-invasive treatments have failed and the exact anatomical site of the pelvic muscle weakness is known.

Nocturia

Nocturia is the medical term for frequent urination at night. It can be a symptomatic of a systemic disease process such as a kidney or bladder infection, diabetes or sleep apnea; in men, it is often the first sign of prostate enlargement. But even when its causes are relatively benign, nocturia can still be a difficult condition to live with because it interferes with sleep.

Interventions to try at home include minimizing all fluid intake but particularly caffeine and alcohol for at least three hours before bedtime, taking medications that have a diuretic effect earlier in the day, and avoiding strenuous exercise and potentially stressful interactions before sleep. You should see your physician if nighttime urination is accompanied by fever, pain or discomfort, or if your urinary frequency is not affected at all when you cut down on fluids before bedtime.

Medical History and Testing

Since nocturia is frequently a symptom of an underlying systemic pathology, when you visit your physician, he or she will try to rule these out by taking a thorough patient history, performing a physical exam, and ordering diagnostic tests such as urinalysis, urine culture, blood sugar and BUN/creatinine clearance.

Nocturia can be a symptom of benign prostate enlargement, urinary tract infection, kidney failure, congestive heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea or diabetes.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of infection, resulting in 8.3 million visits to doctors offices every year. UTIs are named differently according to the primary site of infection:

• Urethritis is an infection of the urethra
• Cystitis is an infection of the bladder
• Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection

In addition to urinary symptoms like urinary frequency and urinary urgency, UTI symptoms can include low-grade fever, abdominal or back pain, and urine that appears cloudy and has an unusual or foul odor. With more serious infections that spread to the kidneys, symptoms may include a fever over 101 degrees Fahrenheit with chills and night sweats, nausea and vomiting and more severe pain in the abdomen or lower back or referred to the flank.

In a significant number of cases, UTIs are asymptomatic. Indeed among the elderly for whom UTIs are a huge concern, the only symptoms may be confusion, combativeness or other changes in mentation.

UTIs occur when bacteria contaminate the urethra opening and begin to multiply. The most common contaminant is Escherichia coli (E. coli), a bacteria which typically lives in the intestines and the most common source of infection in active individuals is fecal contamination following bowel movements. But any abnormality in the urinary tract that obstructs the free flow of urine a kidney stone, for example, or an external catheter can set the stage for infection.

Higher Risk Categories

Women are more prone to UTIs than men, possibly because their urethras are shorter and closer to the anus. Medical experts estimate that half of all women will experience a UTI at least once in their lifetime, and most of them more than once. Factors that increase a woman™s susceptibility to UTIs include sexual activity (because intercourse can irritate the urethra,) use of the diaphragm as a birth control device, and aging since the decrease in estrogen following menopause leads to more fragile urogenital tissues.

If the UTI involves mild discomfort but no fever, you can try to manage it at home. Your goal will be to flush the offending microorganisms by drinking lots and lots of water. Avoid drinking caffeinated beverages such as coffee and tea, alcohol and carbonated beverages as these will irritate your bladder. Since an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, for the future remember to wipe from front to back after a bowel movement (rather than the other way around), to urinate as soon as possible after sexual intercourse and (for women) to avoid potentially irritating feminine hygiene products.

Cranberry Juice

For more than a century, cranberry juice has been used as a natural remedy for UTIs. Cranberries contain substances called proanthocyanins which seem to prevent bacteria from sticking to the walls of the urinary tract. Don’t use the highly sweetened cranberry juice you find in supermarkets for this purpose. Instead use unsweetened cranberry juice or cranberry extract tablets available from health food stores.

If you are running even a low-grade fever or your UTI is causing you significant discomfort, then you should opt to see a physician for treatment.

Definitive diagnosis will be made on the basis of a urinalysis done on a clean, mid-stream catch specimen of urine. Blood, pus and/or bacteria will be present in a urinalysis that’s positive for a UTI. Occasionally a urine culture may also be ordered to test for specific strains of bacterial infection. Other tests your physician may order if he or she thinks your infection may be more serious include blood cultures and a CBC.

Treatment Options

The first line of treatment for a simple UTI is antibiotics. Commonly used antibiotics include Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox), Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim). Symptoms often respond to treatment within 24 hours, but it is important to complete the antibiotic regimen even if symptoms have disappeared otherwise the implicated bacteria may develop a resistance to that antibiotic.

Your doctor may also prescribe medication called Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) to control the burning sensation you experience upon urination. One side effect of Pyridium is that it turns your urine bright blue!

If your UTI has made you extremely sick or you are incapacitated in some way that makes your doctor think you will be unable to adhere to the antibiotic protocol (as sometimes happens with elderly patients), your doctor may recommend hospitalization so that antibiotics and fluids can be administered intravenously

References:

• MayoClinic.Com
• National Health Institute

Insomnia, often referred to as a sleeping difficulty, restlessness or sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder. Insomnia happens when a person has one or more of the following symptoms:

• Trouble falling asleep, no matter how tired a person is
• Falls asleep but wakes up often
• Feels like he or she has not slept during the night
• Feels tired during the daytime
• Has unexplained bouts or fatigue
• Has a loss of concentration
• Experiences headaches; mild or severe
• Feels irritable or edgy
• Lacks motivation

According to statistics, approximately 30 million Americans experience insomnia. Approximately 51% of Americans experience insomnia because of stress or anxiety. (2008. Insomnia Statistics..these numbers might surprise you.)

Sometimes, there is no explanation as to why people get insomnia. Insomnia can occur in anyones life at any time. Sometimes, there are specific causes for insomnia. More than often, there are causes, but some people cannot figure out why they have insomnia.

Ultimately, there are ways to find out why insomnia has occurred, and there are ways to deal with this sleep disorder and cure it. Also, there are methods one can use to make sure the insomnia does not return.

Risk Factors

Certain factors can be risks and cause a person to acquire a sleep order like insomnia. Certain types of medications, various environmental aspects, physical or emotional issues, vital events in life that can cause additional stress and other risk factors can bring on insomnia.

Medications that can cause insomnia are:

• Blood pressure pills
• Antidepressants
• Cold and allergy medications
• Asthma medications

Various Environmental Aspects:

• Noisy places or work environments
• Bright lighting, too much sun, some fluorescent lighting
• Tremendous changes in temperatures: cold or hot

Physical or emotional issues:

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Physical aches and pains
• Diabetes: fluctuations in glucose levels

Vital Events in Life that can additional extra Stress:

Diversity with work such aslosing a job, starting a new job, getting a promotion, losing pay, or anything else that happens with work that can add extra stress to a persons life

Changes at home with the family like divorce, separation, death, accidents, disabilities, relocating, and other family related happenings that affect how a person feels

As stated earlier, there is not always a logical explanation as to why a person gets insomnia. A person could be excited about something new in his or her life, or a person could be looking forward to an upcoming event and insomnia occurs pursuant to being excited or anxious about these events.

Test and diagnosis considerations:

When a person believes he or she has insomnia, a doctor can confirm this sleep disorder with a few basic exams and evaluations:

• A physical exam
• Review the patients medical history
• Evaluate a patients sleep patterns

Most doctors will ask a patient to keep a written record of sleep patterns for one to two weeks. This sleep pattern documentation is often referred to as a sleep diary. In this diary, a person will keep track of how he or she sleeps each time sleep is attempted, and he or she will keep a record of how he or she feels each day.

Sometimes, the patient might be asked if it is okay for the doctor to speak with his or her sleep mate, so that the doctor can get a better idea of what is happening with the patients sleep patterns and life.

Generally, doctors will advise a patient to try medically related options used as cures & remedies for insomnia, but a person is more than welcome to try herbal and home remedies if he or she wants to.

Different cultures use other methods when seeking cures & remedies for insomnia. Some of the cures & remedies for insomnia might be the same or quite similar and some of the methods used to cure insomnia might be a lot different. Each culture will try its own remedy to cure insomnia and there are many great options available to sufferers of insomnia nowadays.

Common Treatment Options

Herbal and Home Remedies

Chamomile

Chamomile tea is often used to help a person to fall asleep naturally and sleep all night. Chamomile is not only for bedtime. A person can drink this tea during the daytime, too, and the tea helps a person to relax. Chamomile tea is inexpensive and does not have any side effects.

Melatonin

Melatonin is a medication that a person can purchase without having a prescription. Melatonin is a natural sleep aid and is taken at least one to two hours before a persons scheduled bedtime. This medication is not addictive and is used by many people to help them get a good nights sleep, continuously. Melatonin costs approximately $12.00 per bottle. Since this natural medication is non-addictive, there are no known side effects with this medication.

Melatonin is a natural component that the body creates. Melatonin levels are affected by artificial lighting in rooms during the daytime. When a person sleeps at night, melatonin levels will normally remain at the levels they are supposed to. For those who sleep during the daytime because they work at night, melatonin levels will be irregular.

Melatonin is normally created by the body during the hours between 2 A.M. and 4 A.M. When people grow older, the body does not produce as much melatonin as it did when they were young children.

Pill Form

The pill form of melatonin has been proven to be very effective in assisting people with sleeping. Some people might feel a bit groggy the next morning. As with any medication, it is always a good idea to text the new medicine out and be cautious when operating any machinery and when driving an automobile, for the first few days. Even if a person does not feel groggy the next morning, he or she should keep in mind that some medications might affect the reflexes.

Statistics show that feeling groggy or have less control over reflexes is not seen in people who take melatonin. However; each person is different and some medications can do the opposite to people than what the medication says it will. For instance, some people might take a medication that has been invented to help a person sleep, and it might give them more energy instead.

These reactions to medications, herbs, and other sleep aids are rare.

Pharmaceutical

Ambien is a popular name for a sleep aid that is a non-narcotic medication. This pharmaceutical medication has been invented to help a person fall asleep and to remain sleeping all through the night. People should be cautious while driving and while operating any machinery when they are using this medication as a cure or remedy for insomnia.

When a person uses Ambien, it should be taken at least one hour before a planned bedtime, and a person should plan on sleeping at least 8 hours. Also, a person should try not to head out of the house for a little while after waking up. This medication needs to have time to process through the body and will last for 8-10 hours. When a person has depression, Ambien can cause the depression to be worse.

Ambien has a few side effects that can occur:

• Sleepwalking
• Trouble with memory
• Slight change in personality: A person can become aggressive or more ambitious
• Disorientation
• Irritability
• Hallucinations

Some allergic reactions that can occur are:

• Breathing troubles
• Tongue swelling
• Throat swelling

These side effects are rare but can be fatal. Whenever a person reacts to a medicine that does not feel right, it is highly recommended that he or she seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Mild side effects are:

• Morning grogginess
• Feeling dizzy
• Mild headaches
• Diarrhea

These side effects are rare and occur with short term use of this medication. Ambien is usually only prescribed for 7-10 days, to begin with, and then it can be used longer if necessary. Even though it is in a non-narcotic remedy, it can be addictive. Any medication can be addictive, even if it is made from natural components. Ambien costs approximately $170.00 for 30-10 mg tablets.

When it comes to pharmaceutical cures & remedies for insomnia, there is a wide selection to choose from nowadays. Somabien, Ambitropin, SomnaSlumber, Lunexor, Ambiplex, RestAid, AmbeSleep, Ambiatol, Sleep Aid Oil, and Sleep MD are the top ten pharmaceutical sleep aids listed as being effective with helping people to sleep better. The price range for these ten medications is around $16.00-80.00.

Surgeries

Sometimes, people will need surgery for medical conditions that are causing them pain, which is causing them insomnia. Also, a lot of people suffer from insomnia after having surgery. As mentioned here, there is a wide variety of options, pharmaceutical, herbal, non-addictive and psychological methods that can be used as cures & remedies for insomnia.

If a person has a disorder like restless leg syndrome, he or she might need to have surgery for a condition, and doctors generally offer sleeping pills and/or pain pills to patients after surgeries.

If a person wants to use non-addictive methods so that he or she does not become addicted to sleeping pills or pain pills, he or she can try some of these methods or seek therapy and ask a doctor about other alternatives.

Other Methods of Treatment

Valerian is a widely known medication that other cultures have used and have found effective in aiding with sleep. Valerian can be used in traditional environments as well. This treatment is considered to be an herbal supplement.

It is advised that a person asks his or her doctor before using this remedy for insomnia. A doctor that has specialized in herbal medicine is more suitable to consult with.

Some other names used for Valerian are Valeriana officinalis, radix valerianae, Indian valerian, red valerian, and vandal root.

Valerian has not been evaluated by the FDA. This herbal medication has been used to treat a variety of disorders or medical conditions.

People who suffer from insomnia, anxiety, headaches and abdominal pain, menopause and other medical or emotional conditions have used Valerian and have seen improvements as a result.

Some side effects when taking Valerian for a long period of time are:

• Headaches
• Hyper activity
• Agitation
• Sleeplessness
• Pupils dilating
• Heartbeats becoming irregular or other problems with the heart

As with all medications, it is good to ask a doctor before using new medications, especially if a person is already taken prescription drugs or using any other form of herbals cures & remedies for insomnia or other conditions. The average price for Valerian is approximately $22.00.

Additional Remedy Options

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a very popular psychological remedy that has been used to treat insomnia. Studies show that it has been very effective for people who have had emotional upsets that are the underlying reason for the insomnia. This treatment is usually one of the first ones that doctors suggest to patients as a treatment for insomnia.

Many people balk at the idea of going to therapy. People want quick fixes for insomnia, but cognitive behavioral therapy has proven itself over the years and people who tried it did begin to sleep better and form healthier sleep patterns.

Medicine and science have both tried to adapt a program that involved cognitive behavioral therapy and a medication as cures & remedies for insomnia, but there are no statistics that will show how well the combination works. There are statistics, though, that prove that long term cognitive behavioral therapy has been effective and lasts indefinitely.

Choosing the Right Option

Sometimes the quick fixes are not always the best choice. The quick fixes will work right then and there, but a person cannot take some medications forever, and when a person does use a quick fix medication, natural herb or other remedy for insomnia, and they stop taking it or doing that treatment, often times, the insomnia returns again.

Cognitive behavioral therapy could take a little longer to work, but it is a therapy and treatment that will work for a long period of time.

Prevention tips:

• Always strive to improve sleep habits and create healthy habits for sleeping
• Avoid napping on the bed or in other areas where you sleep at bedtime: napping on a sofa or in a lounger is better, as the bed is for bedtime
• Obtain a regular schedule for sleeping and stick with it
• Try to get up at the same time each day, even on days off
• Improve the environment of the home or office: oil burners with relaxing scents, new paint on walls, and so forth
• Keep a diary or write poems
• Make the bedroom as comfortable and quiet as possible and alleviate light from entering the bedroom
• Keep the home at 68-70 degrees while sleeping: 60 degrees is good, too. People sleep a lot better when it is cooler and it is healthier.
• After attempting sleep for a half an hour or so, get up and walk around or watch some TV for a bit and try to sleep again
• During enough water or other clear liquids during the daytime, do not drink or eat after 7 P.M., and try exercising for at least 30 minutes per day, but not too close to bedtime, as energy breeds energy
• Eat healthier meals and on a regular schedule
• Talk about problems or write about them when they arise

When people have insomnia, it can be mild or chronic, lasting a short time or for a long period of time. It is recommended that a person consult with a doctor to get confirmation for his or her insomnia diagnosis and before trying any medications or herbal and home remedies to cure insomnia. A doctor might prescribe other remedies for insomnia, too, like surgery or cognitive behavioral therapy.

Some medications should not be used for long periods of time, whether they are non-prescription or prescription, especially if they do not seem to help the sleep disorder, or if they only work once in a while. No one needs to suffer with insomnia and not find a cure or remedy, as there are a variety of options for everyone and something will work. Each person is different, so what works for one might not work for another.

Treatment Options

Insomnia can be treated with a variety of herbal medicines, prescription medicines, therapy or other alternatives, and insomnia can be prevented. No matter what is happening in life or why insomnia occurs, there are several options and tools for people to treat this sleep disorder and to overcome it.